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DNA
Test Results and Member Lineages
The STRAUB project was opened in July of 2004 and, as of October 2009,
59 participants have joined, with results returned for 55 (plus results
from one individual tested elsewhere). Don't see your line?
Then submit a sample!
In addition to the subjects tested for this project by FTDNA, results
from individuals tested at other companies will be incorporated into the
study when available. So far, this amounts to one individual tested
at the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF). These labs
test a different suite of markers than FTDNA, but some markers are in common,
so some comparison is possible. I would urge these individuals to
become fully comparable by joining the FTDNA project and purchasing a conversion
kit.
| This DNA project is based on STR (short tandem repeat) testing of the male
Y-chromosome. Test results consist of numbers which represent the
counts of the number of times a DNA segment is duplicated at a given marker
(locus or location). Closely related individuals will have the same counts at the same markers, that is, the degree of similarity of the test results is a measure of how closely two people are related. The more markers you test, the more precise the determination of relationship. At FamilyTreeDNA, four levels of Y-chromosome STR testing
are offered to group members: 12-, 25-, 37-, and 67-marker tests.
Every level of testing tells you something, but most project members will
want to test at least 37 markers. Collectively, the pattern of numbers
resulting from STR testing is called a person's haplotype (or "motif").
STR testing measures relationship in a time frame of hundreds
of years, making the distance to the MRCA (most recent common ancestor)
sufficiently close to be genealogically useful. And "useful" is an
understatement. STR testing is a powerful tool for determing
whether people do or do not share a recent common ancestor.
There is another form of Y-chromosome DNA testing called SNP testing
— the acronym stands for "single nucleotide polymorphism" and is pronounced
as a single word, "snip." Results of SNP testing are expressed as
+ or - (positive or negative) to indicate the presence or absence of a
particular mutation. Each suspected mutation requires a separate
test. Results of SNP testing determine a person's haplogroup,
and deep testing can identify subgroups, called "subclades."
The haplogroup (sometimes abbreviated, "Hg") is a measure of deep ancestry. The
MRCA may be thousands of years in the past, which places the individual's
ancestry in a paleoanthropological time frame. Haplogroup
determination is of practical use for the project because it broadly defines
and separates the most distinct family groups; that is, families with no
prospect whatsoever of a connection in "genealogical time," making it a
useful way to divide up the project. For the individual, knowing
one's SNP subclade greatly enhances one's appreciation of history because
the literature on the genetic history of humanity, correlated with historic
and pre-historic events, is growing rapidly. Speaking personally, compiling my genealogy greatly enhanced my appreciation of U.S. and European history, while discovering my parents' haplogroups has enhanced my appreciation of the global history of humanity. I wish I had known these things about myself when I was growing up, but at least the future children in the family will know.
If the STR-based haplotype is reasonably common (or similar to
one that is), it can be used to deduce the probable SNP haplogroup,
making the expense of actual SNP testing optional. On the other hand,
a haplogroup deduction based on a rare or unique haplotype can be wrong
(due to small sample size), so a SNP test is recommended in such cases
— assuming the subject is interested in an accurate haplogroup designation.
Haplogroup determination is (to me) a fun thing to know about oneself,
but it is not a requisite for full participation in this project,
which is based on the results of STR testing, not SNP testing.
|
Project results have been "interesting," to say the least. What came
as a big surprise (to this researcher anyway) is the diversity of the results.
I had assumed all STRAUB, STROOP, etc., were closely related and that they
might prove difficult to distinguish, but it turns out this assumption
(more like a major misconception!) couldn't be further from the truth.
Of the 56 sets of results available (55 from FTDNA,
plus one from another lab),
twenty-four genealogically distinct
families of have been revealed: 20 STRAUB / STROUP families, three
TRAUB / TROUPE families, and one STRUBE / STROOP family. Twenty-seven
subjects are Haplogroup I1, six are I2, fourteen are R1b, two are R1a,
three are J2, one is E, and one is T. Haplogroup R1b is by far the
most common haplogroup subclade in western Europe and I1 is the next most
common, so it is not surprising that these two subclades are the ones most
represented among test subjects.
| Haplogroup
I1 = I-M253
Haplogroup I1 is the most common form of Haplogroup I. It is sometimes
called the "Viking" haplogroup because of its concentration in northwestern
Europe and Scandinavia (others consider only R1a to be the "true" Viking
haplogroup, see below). Twenty of our project members are some form
of I1, and they represent three distinct families.
I1-AngloSaxon-5
Of the nineteen members who are this variety, eleven are paper descendants
of Martin STRAUB (1616-1676) of Gemmingen and Grossgartach, Heilbronn,
Wuerttemberg. Of these eleven, one is still living in Germany, a
descendant of Martin's grandson, Antonius STRAUB, while the other
ten are living in the U.S., presumed descendants of Antonius's brother,
Johann
Pieter STRAUB, 1733 immigrant to Philadelphia. Another eight
Americans have paper trails that fall short of reaching Johann Peter, but
have DNA test results indicating they are genetically closely related to
the other descendants in this family.
Johann Pieter is the second earliest known STRAUB immigrant to the United
States and has the most descendants of any single STRAUB immigrant to the
United States (at least based on my research to date). Results of
these subjects match their modal haplotype at the level of 64/67 or better,
despite being nine to eleven generations from their common ancestor.
Other than their close matches with each other, their haplotypes are unique
at 25 or more makers.
Among the descendants of Johann Pieter, DNA results support the allegation
that John Peter STROUP of Wythe Co.,
VA, is his grandson, through Johann Pieter's son, Mathias Andreas.
Interestingly, two other paper descendants of John Peter have been tested,
and each has a different NPE in his lineage (see the listings below under
NEUHAUS
and R-1b1b-2a1b-5b).
An unanticipated connection revealed by this testing is a descendant
of
John STRAUB of Beaver Twp., Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, whose
results show him to be a 66/67 match with this group. We don't know
how John connects to Johann Pieter, but there can be no doubt that he does.
DNA results also confirm that an individual who acquired the surname
BARNES
from his foster father really is a descendant of Johann Pieter, as indicated
in his paper genealogy.
Among this group, matching the descendants of Johann Pieter at the 64/67
to 67/67 level, are three paper descendants of Jacob STROUP I (1724-1804)
of Lincoln [now Gaston] Co., NC, previously thought by many to be
a grandson of Mathias STROOP, the 1687 emigrant from Westphalia
to MD. This startling DNA test result resurrects and supports
the assertion by early researchers that this Jacob is the missing son,
Johann Jacob, who accompanied Johann Pieter on the 1733 crossing.
In other words, Jacob STROUP I is not a grandson of Mathias STROOP.
Jacob I had an enormous number of descendants, so this result affects many
living STROUPs and STROUPEs, mostly in the southern United States.
Also proven by DNA is that Jacob STROUP II (1771-1846), alleged grandson
of Jacob I, is not genetically related to him. See Haplogroup
J2 below. A fourth individual, a descendant of Elisha STROUP
(c1811-1893), has no paper connection to Jacob I, but is presumed to be
descended from him because he was married in Lincoln Co., NC, before eventually
settling in GA.
The most unexpected individuals in this group are two non-STROUPs who
apparently have NPE's, "non-paternal events" (i.e., a hidden adoption
or illicit paternity) in their patrilineal lines. [See
this page for a further discussion of NPEs and their resolution.]
One of the NPEs has a paper descent from Silas BELEW of Jefferson
Co., MO; he has a 67/67 match with the modal haplotype of this STROUP family.
For decades, the BELEW family was in close contact with the STROUPs of
Jefferson County, all of whom are believed to descend from sons of Adam
STROUP, son of Jacob STROUP I, who moved to Jefferson County
in the 1820s.
The other NPE is an individual with a paper descent from William
Waitsel CRUMP of Caldwell and Gaston Cos., NC, illegitimate son of
Rebecca CRUMP and Waightstill PRESTWOOD. The location of the NPE
in his line has not been determined, and it will require the testing of
some selected cousins to determine in which generation it occurred.
There is no doubt, however, that he really is a STROUP because he matches
the modal haplotype for this family at 66/67. Given his location in Gaston
Co., NC, he is presumed to be a descendant of Jacob I.
Four members of this family have undergone deep SNP testing, which has
proven they are subclade I1* (root I1). There are varieties of I1
defined by haplotypes and, based on them, they are an uncommon variety
of AngloSaxon, namely, I1-AS5. In fact, they have a value at one
marker (DYS445 = 9) that is unique in I1 and extremely rare in general.
Based on the SMGF database, just 0.076% of all individuals tested (16 of
21,006) have this value at this marker (the value is usually 11 or 12).
These Haplogroup I1-AS5 STRAUBs and STROUPs have the distinction of
being cousins of Barack OBAMA, 44th President of the United States,
through his mother, Stanley Ann (DUNHAM) OBAMA, a descendant
of Johann Pieter STRAUB I.
I1-AngloSaxon-6
This member is a descendant of John STRAUB of Schuylkill Co.,
PA. He has tested only 12 markers, but even so, his haplotype is
unique and easily separable from other STRAUBs. And despite being
I1-AngloSaxon, as "variety 6," he is not closely related to "variety 5,"
at least not in a genealogical time frame.
I1-AngloSaxon-9a
This individual is a descendant of Jacob TRAUB / STROUP of Armstrong
Co., PA. |
| Haplogroup I1d = I-P78
I1d-Norse-D
Norse is the most common I1 subclade in Sweden and Finland and the next
most common in Norway and Denmark (the D variety is more common in Denmark).
We have two matching individuals in this group, each of whom was an unexpected
result. Their haplotype is uncommon: at 37 markers, they match no
one else, except each other.
One individual is a purported descendant of John STRAUB, Sr.
of Beaver Twp., Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, but he does not match the other
purported descendant of John, who turns out to be a match with descendants
of Johann Pieter STRAUB, the 1733 immigrant (I1-AS5, above). As the
other descendant has an essentially unassailable paper connection to John
Sr., it appears this individual, who descends from Jonathan Francis
STRAUB, is the one with the bad connection, especially in light of
his connection to the next member. Or is his paper connection correct,
meaning this is yet another NPE?
His matching member is a TROUPE who descends from John Peter TRAUB
/ TROUP, also of Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, at the level of 37/37.
It has long been suspected that there may have been conversions between
STRAUB / STROUP / STROUPE and TRAUB / TROUP / TROUPE, and this appears
to be such a case, unless what we are looking at is an NPE, which
is possible. Testing more descendants of both will give us the answer. |
| Haplogroup
I2
Of our six Haplogroup I2 members, five were tested at FTDNA, while one
was tested at SMGF.
I2a2-Dinaric-S
These two individuals were an unexpected match because no paper connection
is known. One descends from (Adam?) Michael STROUP of Maryland,
whose sons settled in Highland Co., OH, and greatly proliferated there.
The other is a descendant of Jacob STROUP, who was born in PA and
settled in Grant Co., IN. Their haplotype is uncommon, with just
a handful of matches at 12 markers and no full matches at 25 markers.
Their haplotype is a variety known as "Dinaric" because these populations
are believed to have refuged in the region of the Dinaric Alps in southeastern
Europe during the last glacial maximum. One of them has been deep SNP tested
confirming that they are root/ancestral I2a*.
I2b2
The immigrant ancestor of these two Pennsylvania Deutsch STRAUBs is
not known, nor do we have a paper connection between them. One is
a descendent of Theobald / Dewaldt STRAUB of Carbon Co., PA, whose
early descendants are concentrated in that county and neighboring Northampton
County. The other is the Peter STRAUB / STROUP who lived in
Perry Co., PA, and was formerly believed to descend from Johann Pieter
STRAUB I. Not only is their haplotype unique, even their haplogroup
subclade is rare (based on the SMGF database, only about 0.5% of European
Haplogroup I are I2b).
I2b1c-Continental-3a
This subclade of Haplogroup I is found thinly thoughout Europe, but
is concentrated in central and northern Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark.
This individual descends from Henry STRAUB of Northumberland Co.,
PA, whose immigrant ancestor has yet to be identified.
I2b1a-Isles/Sc
This individual is the one tested at SMGF. He has no full or even
near matches with anyone in the project or in any of the major online databases.
His pedigree at SMGF shows him to be a descendant of George STROUP
of NY, whom we know as a descendant of Johannes STRAUB, the 1710
immigrant to NY and the earliest known STRAUB immigrant to the United States.
Most descendants converted to spelling STROPE, but some to STROUP.
The SMGF database gives no possible way to contact test subjects; so, if
you are the test subject and are reading this page, please contact me (I'm
willing to subsidize 50% of the cost of a conversion kit to join this project
here at FTDNA). |
| Haplogroup
R1b
Thirteen project members are Haplogroup R1b. R1b is the most common
haplogroup in western Europe, and R1b1b2 (old R1b1c) is the most common
subclade of R1b. Most R1b's will need to test to at least 37 markers
to gain separation from other R1b's, and even a close match at 12 or 25
markers should not be considered significant. Your project admin
recommends all R1b's be deep SNP tested to help advance the knowledge of
this huge group.
R1b1b2
— WAMH
Six of our R1b1b2 members have a WAMH (Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype)
logo on their member page. This logo indicates they have one of the
four most common 12-marker haplotypes in western Europe.
Three of the six R1b1b2-WAMH members are descendants of Josef STRAUB
of Bieringen, Württemberg. Two are American first cousins, while
the third is a native and current resident of Bieringen.
The fourth R1b1b2-WAMH member is a descendant of Frantz Xavier STRAUB
of Felldorf, Württemberg. This family is the one whose descendant,
Peter
STRAUB, founded the Straub Brewery in St. Mary's, PA. Despite
the fact that the villages of Felldorf and Bieringen are just four miles
apart, the STRAUBs of Felldorf are not closely related to the Bieringen
ones.
The fifth R1b1b2-WAMH member is a STROOP who, though WAMH at 12 markers,
is distinct from the other R1b1b2-WAMH members at 25 markers and at 37
markers. His ancestor is Johannes STRUBE of Germany, who immigrated
to Pennsylvania in the late 1700s, then settled in North Carolina.
The sixth of the R1b1b2-WAMH subjects is a STROUP whose earliest known
ancestor, Joseph STROUP, who first appeared in Hamilton Co., OH,
then settled in Shelby Co., IN, but whose origin is otherwise unknown.
An initial resemblance to one of the Bieringen STRAUBs at 25 markers (23/25)
fell apart at 37 markers (28/37), amply demonstrating the need for R1b's
to go to 37 or more markers.
R1b1b2
(old R1b1c)
Three of our R1b members are deduced to be R1b1b2, but are not designated
WAMH. One is a descendant of Philip STROUP of Clarion Co.,
PA. He turned out rather unexpectedly not to match the descendants
of Johann Pieter STRAUB, the 1733 immigrant to Philadelphia, who is the
presumbed ancestor of Philip STROUP of Mifflin Co., PA, presumed father
of the Philip STROUP of Clarion County. Until a descendant of Philip
of Mifflin County is tested, we don't know which connection is incorrect,
the one between the two Philip's or the one between Philip and Johann Pieter.
The second R1b1b2 member is a descendant of Aloysius STRAUB,
immigrant to Missiouri from Alsace-Lorraine,
a location known to be the origin of many STRAUBs in the United States.
Will all of these STRAUB immigrants from Alsace-Lorraine turn out to have
the same progenitor?
The third R1b1b2 member is descended from Elisha STROUP of Union
Co., PA. He has no matches in the project and only a handful of 12/12
matches outside the project, in other surnames. Several of these
matches are in surname BUDWIG, so an upgrade to more markers is called
for to rule out the possibility that we're looking at an NPE.
A fourth R1b1b2 member is descended from Georg Michael TRAUB
of Bretzfeld, Wuerttemberg, one of whose descendants immigrated to the
U.S. and ultimately settled in Indiana. He has a rare haplotype,
with no matches above 12 markers.
R1b1b2
— SELLERS
This R1b1b2 is a descendant of Lawson Sidney STROUPE I, son of
an unknown male and Elizabeth STROUP, a descendant of Jacob STROUP
I of Gaston Co., NC. He is a 12/12 match with a SELLERS family
of Gaston Co., NC, who are descendants of George SELLERS, grandson
of Philip Heinrich SÖLLERS, 1724 immigrant to Philadelphia.
About the time Lawson was conceived, we find Elizabeth STROUP as a young
unmarried woman living with her parents in the census of Gaston Co., NC,
surrounded by several SELLERS households descended from George. He
also matches a QUEEN 25/25 and a COPE 35/37, so it seems all three have
an NPE and are really SELLERS.
R1b1b2
— NEUHAUS / NEWHOUSE
This individual is a paper descendant of John
Peter STROUP of Wythe Co., VA, but he is a high-level DNA match
with the NEWHOUSE family. There is circumstantial evidence to support
that Jacob Jackson was adopted and that his biological father was John
NEWHOUSE, grandson of Isaac NEWHOUSE, whom deeds show was a
next-door-neighbor of John Peter STROUP in the 1790s.
R1b1b2a1a1
- Null 439 (old R1b1c9a)
One of our members is a descendant of Carl STRAUB, the 1881 emigrant
from Wuerttemberg to Philadelphia. He has a null value at DYS439,
indicating the marker has been completely lost (or at least the indicators
identifying the marker have been lost). This deletion is a rare condition
and is sufficiently distinct that there is a null439
DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA. The mutation is found mostly in
the British Isles, but is also found elsewhere in western Europe. Our subject
resembles "Cluster 1" of this group, which is concentrated in England,
but also found in southern Germany.
R1b1b2a1b5b
— Northwest Irish (old R1b1c7)
Another paper descendant of John Peter STROUP
of Wythe Co., VA, with an NPE in his lineage has a haplotype resembling
that of descendants of 5th-Century Irish warlord, Naill. His deep
SNP testing proves he is R1b1b2a1b5, the "Northwest Irish" subclade, and
he has some near matches with Irish surname DOHERTY / DOUGHTERY.
This individual is offering a free 12-marker test to a male STROUP
who is a patrilineal descent of John Peter through his son, George, or
his grandson, Russell. (Please
contact
project admin for details and condidtions.) |
| Haplogroup
R1a1
Two members with matching DNA are descendants of Andreas STRAUB,
of Östringen, Baden, four of whose sons immigrated to the United States,
three settling in Michigan and the fourth in Indiana. They are Haplogroup
R1a1, which originated on the Eurasian Steppes. These were the "Indo-Europeans"
(Aryans) who domesticated the horse and whose language group formed the
basis for today's European languages. Some consider them the only
"true" Vikings. |
| Haplogroup
E1b1b1a (old E3b1a)
One of our project members is a descendant of Antonius STRAUB,
of the German-speaking STRAUBs of Glogowatz, Austro-Hungary [now Romania].
FTDNA has deduced his haplogroup subclade is E1b1b1a. Haplogroup
E1b1b (old E3b) has a high frequency in some of the oldest populations
in Europe (e.g., the Welsh). |
| Haplogroup
J2
These three matching Haplogroup J2 individuals are paper descendants
of Jacob STROUP II (1771-1846), who was supposedly a grandson of
Jacob
STROUP I (1724-1804), but DNA evidence refutes this connection (see
I1-AS5
above). These three match no other STRAUB / STROUP yet tested,
so as it stands, the parents of Jacob II are unknown. It is also
unlikely that he descends, as asserted, from Mathias STROOP, the 1687 immigrant
from Westphalia to MD, in part because Jacob II signed his marriage bond
in German script and spelled his surname "Straüb." These J2
STROUPs do match an individual surnamed BIDDLE (at the level of
35/37), so the search is on for an explanation. |
| Haplogroup
T (old K2)
This individual is a descendant of Johann Valentin STRAUB, 1847
immigrant from Baden to Michigan. His haplotype is unique, with no
matches in the entire FTDNA, Y-search, or SGMF databases. Still,
he has the key markers for Haplogroup T, examples of which have been found
in southern England, northern Spain, the Shetland Islands, and Germany.
(U.S. President Thomas Jefferson was Haplogroup T.) |
It turns out that STRAUB/etc. has more origins than expected, at least
more than I had suspected. We've also uncovered several bad connections
and made some unexpected new ones. I knew this project would be interesting;
I never dreamt it would be this interesting!
First Results Pending
We have first results pending for four individuals, only one of whom
has returned his kit, namely, the descendant of George STROUP of Germantown,
PA. The three who have not yet returned their kits are: a descendant
of Michael STROUP of Juniata Co., PA, another descendant of Jacob STROUP
of Grant Co., IN, and another descendant of Jacob STROUP I of Gaston Co.,
NC, through his son, Philip.
Additional Results Pending
The descendant of Johannes STRUBE/STROOP of Germany and Rowan Co., NC,
is upgrading to 67 markers.
Time to get those first cousins tested and to drum up some new members!
Remember, the best way to improve your chances for a match is to bring
more members into the project. |
