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DNA
Test Results and Member Lineages
The STRAUB project was opened in July of 2004 and, as of June 2008,
44 participants have joined, with results returned for 42 (plus results
from one individual tested elsewhere). Don't see your line?
Then submit a sample!
In addition to the subjects tested for this project by FTDNA, results
from individuals tested at other companies will be incorporated into the
study when available. So far, this amounts to one individual tested
at SMGF (Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation). SMGF tests a different
suite of markers than FTDNA, but 30 of their 39 markers are in common with
FTDNA, so some comparison is possible.
| This DNA project is based on STR (short tandem repeat) testing of the male
Y-chromosome. Test results consist of numbers which represent the
counts of the number of times a DNA segment is duplicated at a given marker
(locus or location). Closely related individuals will have the same counts at the same markers, that is, the degree of similarity of the test results is a measure of how closely two people are related. The more markers you test, the more precise the determination of relationship. At FamilyTreeDNA, four levels of Y-chromosome STR testing
are offered to group members: 12-, 25-, 37-, and 67-marker tests.
Every level of testing tells you something, but most project members will
want to test at least 37 markers. Collectively, the pattern of numbers
resulting from STR testing is called a person's haplotype (or "motif").
STR testing measures relationship in a time frame of hundreds
of years, making the distance to the MRCA (most recent common ancestor)
sufficiently close to be genealogically useful. And "useful" is an
understatement. STR testing is a powerful tool for determing
whether people do or do not share a recent common ancestor.
There is another form of Y-chromosome DNA testing called SNP testing
— the acronym stands for "single nucleotide polymorphism" and is pronounced
as a single word, "snip." Results of SNP testing are expressed as
+ or - (positive or negative) to indicate the presence or absence of a
particular mutation. Each suspected mutation requires a separate
test. Results of SNP testing determine a person's haplogroup,
and deep testing can identify subgroups, called "subclades."
The haplogroup (sometimes abbreviated, "Hg") is a measure of deep ancestry. The
MRCA may be thousands of years in the past, which places the individual's
ancestry in a paleoanthropological time frame. Haplogroup
determination is of practical use for the project because it broadly defines
and separates the most distinct family groups; that is, families with no
prospect whatsoever of a connection in "genealogical time," making it a
useful way to divide up the project. For the individual, knowing
one's SNP subclade greatly enhances one's appreciation of history because
the literature on the genetic history of humanity, correlated with historic
and pre-historic events, is growing rapidly. Speaking personally, compiling my genealogy greatly enhanced my appreciation of U.S. and European history, while discovering my parents' haplogroups has enhanced my appreciation of the global history of humanity. I wish I had known these things about myself when I was growing up, but at least the future children in the family will know.
If the STR-based haplotype is reasonably common (or similar to
one that is), it can be used to deduce the probable SNP haplogroup,
making the expense of actual SNP testing optional. On the other hand,
a haplogroup deduction based on a rare or unique haplotype can be wrong
(due to small sample size), so a SNP test is recommended in such cases
— assuming the subject is interested in an accurate haplogroup designation.
Haplogroup determination is (to me) a fun thing to know about oneself,
but it is not a requisite for full participation in this project,
which is based on the results of STR testing, not SNP testing.
|
Project results have been "interesting," to say the least. What came
as a big surprise (to this researcher anyway) is the diversity of the results.
I had assumed all STRAUB, STROOP, etc., were closely related and that they
might prove difficult to distinguish, but it turns out this assumption
(more like a major misconception!) couldn't be further from the truth.
Of the 43 sets of results available (42 from FTDNA,
plus one from SMGF),
twenty-two genealogically distinct lineages
have been revealed. Sixteen subjects are Haplogroup I1, six are I2,
thirteen are R1b, two are R1a, three are J2, one is E, and one is K2.
Haplogroup R1b is by far the most common haplogroup subclade in western
Europe and I1 is the next most common, so it is no surprise that these
two subclades are the ones most represented among test subjects.
| Haplogroup
I1 (old I1a)
Haplogroup I1 is the most common form of Haplogroup I. It is sometimes
called the "Viking" haplogroup because of its concentration in northwestern
Europe and Scandinavia (others consider only R1a to be the "true" Viking
haplogroup, see below). Fifteen of our project members are some form
of I1, and they represent three separate lineages.
I1-AngloSaxon-5
Of the fourteen members who are this variety, eight are paper descendants
of Martin STRAUB (1616-1676) of Gemmingen and Grossgartach, Heilbronn,
Wuerttemberg — one still living in Germany who is a descendant of Martin's
grandson, Antonius STRAUB, and seven living in the U.S. who are
descended from Antonius's brother, Johann Pieter STRAUB, 1733 immigrant
to Philadelphia. Another six Americans are presumed to be descendants
of Johann Pieter based on their matching DNA test results. Johann
Pieter is the second earliest known STRAUB immigrant to the United States
and has the most descendants of any single STRAUB immigrant to the United
States (at least based on my research to date). Results of these
subjects match their modal haplotype at the level of 65/67 or better, despite
being nine or ten generations from their common ancestor. Other than
their close matches with each other, their haplotypes are unique.
Three of Johann Pieter's descendants have undergone deep SNP testing, which
has proven they are subclade I1* (root I1). There are varieties of
I1 defined by haplotypes and, based on them, they are an uncommon variety
of AngloSaxon, namely, I1-AS5.
An unexpected connection revealed by this testing is a descendant of
John
STRAUB of Beaver Twp., Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, whose results show
him to be a 66/67 match with this group. We don't know how John connects
to Johann Pieter, but there can be no doubt that he does.
Among this group, matching the descendants of Johann Pieter at the 66/67
to 67/67 level, are four paper descendants of Jacob STROUP I
(1724-1804) of Lincoln [now Gaston] Co., NC, previously thought by some
to be grandsons of Mathias STROOP, the 1687 emigrant from Westphalia
to MD. This startling result resurrects and supports the assertion
(held by early researchers) that this Jacob is the missing son, Johann
Jacob, who accompanied Johann Pieter on the 1733 crossing. In other
words, Jacob STROUP I is not a grandson of Mathias STROOP.
Jacob I had an enormous number of descendants, so this result affects many
living STROUPs and STROUPEs, mostly in the southern United States.
The most unexpected individuals in this group are two non-STROUPs who
apparently have NPE's, "non-paternal events" (i.e., a hidden adoption,
illicit paternity, or deliberate name change) in their patrilineal lines:
One of the NPEs has a paper descent from Silas BELEW of Jefferson
Co., MO; he has a 67/67 match with the modal haplotype. For decades,
the BELEW family was in close contact with the STROUPs of Jefferson County,
all of whom are believed to descend from either of two brothers who early
moved into the county: Peter STROUP and Andrew STROUP,
sons of Adam STROUP, son of Jacob STROUP I.
The other NPE is an individual with a paper descent from William
Waitsel CRUMP of Caldwell and Gaston Cos., NC, son of Rebecca CRUMP
and Waightstill PRESTWOOD. The location of the NPE in his line has
not been determined, and it will require the testing of some selected cousins
to determine in which generation it occurred. There is no doubt,
however, that he really is a STROUP because he matches the modal haplotype
for this family at 66/67.
I1-AngloSaxon-6
This member is a descendant of John STRAUB, miller of Schuylkill
Co., PA. He has tested only 12 markers, but even so, his haplotype
is unique and easily separable from other STRAUBs. And despite being
I1-AngloSaxon, as "variety 6," he is not closely related to "variety 5,"
at least not in a genealogical time frame.
I1-Norse-D
Norse is the most common I1 subclade in Sweden and Finland and the
next most common in Norway and Denmark (the D variety is more common in
Denmark). We have two matching individuals in this group, each of
whom was an unexpected result. Their haplotype is uncommon: at 37
markers, they match no one else, except each other.
One individual is a purported descendant of John STRAUB, Sr.
of Beaver Twp., Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, but he does not match the other
purported descendant of John, who turns out to be a match with descendants
of Johann Pieter STRAUB, the 1733 immigrant (I1-AS5, above). As the
other descendant has an essentially unassailable paper connection to John
Sr., it appears this individual, who descends from Jonathan Francis
STRAUB, is the one with the bad connection, especially in light of
his connection to the next member.
His matching member is a TROUPE who descends from John Peter TRAUB/TROUP,
also of Union [now Snyder] Co., PA. It has long been suspected that
there may have been conversions between STRAUB/STROUP/STROUPE and TRAUB/TROUP/TROUPE,
and their full 37/37 marker match proves that such a conversion has taken
place. In this case, as John Peter TRAUB has the earlier and more
established origin, it appears the conversion has been from TRAUB to STRAUB. |
| Haplogroup
I2 (old I1b)
Of our six Haplogroup I2 members, five were tested at FTDNA, while one
was tested at SMGF (the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation).
I2a-Dinaric-S
These two individuals were an unexpected match because no paper connection
is known. One descends from (Adam) Michael STROUP of Maryland,
whose sons settled in Highland Co., OH, and greatly proliferated there.
The other is a descendant of Jacob STROUP, who was born in PA and
settled in Grant Co., IN. Their haplotype is uncommon, with just
a handful of matches at 12 markers and no full matches at 25 markers.
Their haplotype is a variety known as "Dinaric" because these populations
are believed to have refuged in the region of the Dinaric Alps in southeastern
Europe during the last glacial maximum.
I2b*-A
(formerly, I1b2)
The immigrant ancestor of these two Pennsylvania Deutsch STRAUBs is
not known, nor do we have a paper connection between them. One is
a descendent of Theobald / Dewaldt STRAUB of Carbon Co., PA, whose
early descendants are concentrated in that county and neighboring Northampton
County. The other is the Peter STRAUB / STROUP who lived in
Perry Co., PA, and was formerly believed to descend from Johann Pieter
STRAUB I. Not only is their haplotype unique, even their haplogroup
subclade is rare (based on the SMGF database, only about 0.5% of European
Haplogroup I are I1b2).
I2b1-Continental-3
(formerly, I1c, then I1b2a)
This subclade of Haplogroup I is found thinly thoughout Europe, but
is concentrated in central and northern Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark.
This individual descends from Henry STRAUB of Northumberland Co.,
PA, whose immigrant ancestor has yet to be identified.
I2b1a-Isles/Sc
(formerly, I1c, then I1b2a1)
This individual is the one tested at SMGF. He has no full or even
near matches with anyone in the project or in any of the major online databases.
His pedigree at SMGF shows him to be a descendant of George STROUP
of NY, whom we know as a descendant of Johannes STRAUB, the 1710
immigrant to NY and the earliest known STRAUB immigrant to the United States.
Most descendants converted to spelling STROPE, but some to STROUP.
The SMGF database gives no possible way to contact test subjects; so, if
you are the test subject and are reading this, please contact me (I am
willing to subsidize by 50% the cost of a conversion kit to join this project
here at FTDNA). |
| Haplogroup
R1b
Thirteen project members are Haplogroup R1b, the most common haplogroup
subclade in western Europe. Most R1b's will need to test to at least
37 markers to gain separation from other R1b's, and even a close match
at 12 or 25 markers should not be considered significant. Your project
admin recommends all R1b's be deep SNP tested, primarily to advance the
knowledge of this huge group. This means taking the deep SNP tests
available at FTDNA and EA (EthnoAncestry) and taking additional tests as
new SNPs are discovered.
Two of our thirteen R1b1c's were thought to have a common ancestor in
progenitor John Peter STROUP of Wythe Co., VA, but they turn out to be
an emphatic non-match, so are treated separately below. And it turns
out that neither may be a true descendant of John Peter. We
urgently need additional paper descendants of John Peter to be tested to
unravel the mystery here.
R1b1
— SELLERS
Our one R1b1 is a descendant of Lawson Sidney STROUPE I, son
of an unknown male and Elizabeth STROUP, a descendant of Jacob
STROUP I of Gaston Co., NC. He is a 12/12 match with a SELLERS
family of Gaston Co., NC, descendants of George SELLERS, grandson
of Philip Heinrich SÖLLERS, 1724 immigrant to Philadelphia.
About the time Lawson was conceived, we find Elizabeth a young unmarried
woman living with her parents in the census of Gaston Co., NC, surrounded
by several SELLERS households descended from George.
R1b1c
Three of our R1b members are deduced to be R1b1c. One is a descendant
of Philip STROUP of Clarion Co., PA. He turned out rather
unexpectedly not to match the descendants of Johann Pieter STRAUB, the
1733 immigrant to Philadelphia, who is the presumbed ancestor of Philip
STROUP of Mifflin Co., PA. Until a descendant of Philip of Mifflin
County is tested, we don't know which connection is incorrect, the one
between the two Philip's or the one between Philip and Johann Pieter.
The second R1b1c member is a descendant of Aloysius STRAUB immigrant
to Missiouri from Alsace-Lorraine,
known to be the origin of many STRAUBs in the United States. Will
all of these STRAUB immigrants from Alsace-Lorraine turn out to have the
same progenitor?
The third R1b1c member is a STROUP descended from Elisha STROUP
of Union Co., PA. He has no matches in the project and only three
12/12 matches outside the project, in other surnames.
R1b1c
— WAMH
Six of our R1b1c members have a WAMH (Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype)
logo on their member page. This logo indicates they have one of the
four most common 12-marker haplotypes in western Europe.
Two of the six R1b1c-WAMH members are first cousins, whose earliest
ancestor is Josef STRAUB of Bieringen, Württemberg. They
have a near match with a third R1b1c-WAMH member, who is a native and current
resident of Bieringen. Oddly, these three Bieringen STRAUBs are not
a close match with the fourth R1b1c-WAMH individual, a descendant of Frantz
Xavier STRAUB of Felldorf, a village in Württemberg just four
miles from Bieringen.
The fifth R1b1c-WAMH member is a STROOP who, though WAMH at 12 markers,
is distinct from the other R1b1c-WAMH member at 25 markers and at 37 markers.
His ancestor is Johannes STRUBE of Germany, who immigrated to Pennsylvania
in the late 1700s, then settled in North Carolina.
The sixth of the R1b1c-WAMH subjects is a STROUP whose earliest known
ancestor, Joseph STROUP, first appeared in Hamilton Co., OH, then
settled in Shelby Co., IN, but whose origin is otherwise unknown.
An initial resemblance to one of the Bieringen STRAUBs at 25 markers (23/25)
fell apart at 37 markers (28/37), amply demonstrating the need for R1b's
to go to 37 or more markers.
R1b1c
— NEWHOUSE
A paper descendant of John Peter STROUP of Wythe Co., VA — through
his grandson, Jacob Jackson STROUP — is a high-level DNA match with
the NEWHOUSE family. There is circumstantial evidence to support
that Jacob Jackson was adopted and that his biological father was John
NEWHOUSE, grandson of Isaac NEWHOUSE, whom deeds show was a
next-door-neighbor of John Peter STROUP in the 1790s.
R1b1c7
— Northwest Irish
The other paper descendant of John Peter STROUP of Wythe Co.,
VA — through his son, Peter STROUP — has a haplotype resembling
that of descendants of 5th-Century Irish warlord, Naill. His deep
SNP testing proves he is R1b1c7, the "Northwest Irish" subclade, which
raises the question whether our subject has an NPE in his lineage or John
Peter STROUP had one in his. This individual is offering a free 12-marker
test to a male STROUP who is a patrilineal descent of John Peter through
one of these sons: Peter, George, or John. (Please contact
project admin for details and condidtions.)
R1b1c9a
- Null 439
One of our members is a descendant of Carl STRAUB, the 1881 emigrant
from Wuerttemberg to Philadelphia. He has a null value at DYS439,
indicating the marker has been completely lost (or at least the indicators
identifying the marker have been lost). This deletion is a rare condition
and is sufficiently distinct that there is a null439
DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA. The mutation is found mostly in
the British Isles, but is also found elsewhere in western Europe.
Our subject resembles "Cluster 1" of this group, which is concentrated
in England, but also found in southern Germany. |
| Haplogroup
R1a1
Two members are descendants of Andreas STRAUB, of Östringen,
Baden, four of whose sons immigrated to the United States, three settling
in Michigan and the fourth in Indiana. The two individuals tested are Haplogroup
R1a1, which originated on the Eurasian Steppes. These were the "Indo-Europeans"
(Aryans) who domesticated the horse and whose language group formed the
basis for today's European languages. Some consider them the only
"true" Vikings. |
| Haplogroup
E1b1b1a
One of our project members is a STRAUB who joined us as a transfer from
the National Geographic Society's Genographic
Project. He is a descendant of Antonius STRAUB, of the
German-speaking STRAUBs of Glogowatz, Austro-Hungary [now Romania].
FTDNA has deduced his haplogroup subclade is E1b1b1a. Haplogroup
E1b1b (old E3b) has a high frequency in some of the oldest populations
in Europe (e.g., the Welsh). |
| Haplogroup
J2
These three matching Haplogroup J2 individuals are paper descendants
of Jacob STROUP II (1771-1846), who was supposedly a grandson of
Jacob
STROUP I (1724-1804), but the DNA evidence totally refutes this connection
(see I1-AS5 above). These three match no other
STRAUB / STROUP as yet tested, so as it stands, the parents of Jacob II
are unknown. It is also unlikely that he descends, as asserted, from
Mathias STROOP, the 1687 immigrant from Westphalia to MD, in part because
Jacob II signed his marriage bond in German script and spelled his surname
"Straüb." |
| Haplogroup
T
This individual is a descendant of Johann Valentin STRAUB, 1847
immigrant from Baden to Michigan. His haplotype is unique, with no
matches in the entire FTDNA, Y-search, or SGMF databases. Still,
he has the key markers for Haplogroup T, examples of which have been found
in southern England, northern Spain, the Shetland Islands, and Germany.
(U.S. President Thomas Jefferson was T.) |
It turns out that STRAUB/etc. has more origins than expected, at least
more than I had suspected. We've also uncovered several bad connections
and made some unexpected new ones. I knew this project would be interesting;
I never dreamt it would be this interesting!
First Results Pending
We have first results pending for two individuals: a descendant
of George STROUP of Muscatine Co., IA, who is believed to be the son of
Jacob STROUP of Clermont Co., OH, so would thus be another descendant of
Johann Pieter STRAUB, 1733 immigrant to Philadelphia. We are awaiting
first results from a descendant of Moses STROUP, also believed to be a
descendant of Johann Pieter STRAUB.
More Results Pending
One of the I2a-Dinaric STROUPs is awaiting deep-SNP-I test results.
Time to get those first cousins tested and to drum up some new members!
Remember, the best way to improve your chances for a match is to bring
more members into the project. |