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Diana, Goddess of the Hunt — for Ancestors!
 
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Richard WILLIAMS, Sr.
Elizabeth T. __?__
Husband:  Richard WILLIAMS, Sr.
Birth:  ca. 4 Feb 1786, VA
Death:  7 Jun 1878
Disposition:  buried Middlebury Cemetery, Mercer Co., MO
Father:  Mr. WILLIAMS
Marriage:
Wife:  Elizabeth T. __?__
Birth:  ca.  24 Apr 1791/2, VA
Death:  26 Jan 1886
Disposition:  buried Middlebury Cemetery, Mercer Co., MO

Elizabeth's tombstone reads "Elizabeth T. Williams."  Is the "T." her middle initial?  Or is it the first letter of her surname?

Children:
— born in VA:
  1.  Mary WILLIAMS, b. 1815/6
  2.  William WILLIAMS, b. 1816/7
  3.  Susan WILLIAMS, b. 1819/20
  4.  Royal WILLIAMS, Jr., b. 1826/7
  5.  James M. WILLIAMS, b. 1828/9
  6.  Henrietta WILLIAMS, b. 1830/1

— born in KY:
  7.  John WILLIAMS, b. 1832/3

— born in MO:
  8.  Richard WILLIAMS, Jr., b. 1833/4
  9.  Robert A. WILLIAMS, b. 1833/4
10.  Thomas WILLIAMS, b. 1833/4/5
11.  Charles WILLIAMS, b. ca. 8 Mar 1838; d. 15 Apr 1863, bur. Mercer Co., MO

Keywords for search engines:  genealogy; USA, US, United States, Kentucky, Missouri, Virginia

Sources (n.b., Grundy Co. was formed in 1841 from Livingston Co. and Mercer Co. was formed from Grundy Co. in 1845):

1.  Family Group Sheet by Betty Ann (Matthiesen) Cogliati and her grandmother, Maude Irene (Thompson) Rose.

2a.  Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  KY, NC, TN, VA, WV Marriages:  Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-229):  not found.

2b.  Catherine Lindsay Knorr.  1950.  Marriage Bonds and Ministers' Returns of Prince Edward County, Virginia, 1754-1810.  Self-published, Pine Bluff, AR (reprinted 1982 by Southern Historical Press, Easley, SC):  not found.

3.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1810 (Broderbund CD-313):  there are 15 Richard WILLIAMSes in VA, but none in Prince Edward Co.

4.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1820 (Broderbund CD-314):  there are over a dozen Richard WILLIAMSes in VA, but none in Prince Edward Co.

5.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1830 (Broderbund CD-315):  there are 15 Richard WILLIAMSs in Virginia, but none in Prince Edward Co.
At this point, Richard's numbers at this point ought to be:
201 000 100 - 001 101 000

6a.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1840 (Broderbund CD-316):  our subject should be in Livingston [now Mercer] Co., with his brother Royal WILLIAMS, who is there, but Richard is not found, at least not as head-of-household.  Richard's numbers at this point should be:
142 010 010 - 010 020 100

6b.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com):  these are all the Richard WILLIAMS indexed as being in Missouri in 1840:
1840 MO Carroll 292 Richard E. Williams 210 001 000 - 011 001 000
1840 MO Carroll 301 Richard Williams 000 010 000 - 000 010 000
1840 MO Cooper 137 Richd Williams 000 200 001 - 000 020 001
1840 MO Montgomery 200 Richard Williams 011 010 100 - 112 201 100
1840 MO Pike 58 Richard Williams 021 100 100 - 111 101 000
1840 MO Scott 39 Richard G Williams 000 010 001 - 000 010 010
1840 MO Wayne 219 Richard Williams 000 001 000 - 100 110 000
Based on the numbers, none of the above is remotely our subject, so I guess we just have to accept that Richard was missed in the census.

7.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #28 of 66):  District 56, Mercer Co., MO, p. 386B, 177/4, enumerated 26 Aug 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
Richard Williams 63 M   Farmer 400 Virginia
Elizabeth 58 F       do
Royal 23 M   Farmer   do
Henreta 19 F       do
John 17 M   Farmer   Kentucky
Robert 16 M   Farmer   Mo
Thomas 16 M   Farmer   do
Richard 14 M       do
Charles 11 M       do
Henry Belcher 30 M   Farmer   Kentucky
Susan Belcher 30 F       Virginia
M A 19 F       Mo
[Harvey & Susan's six children]
"Henry" should be "Harvey"; Susan (WILLIAMS) BELCHER is our subjects' daughter.  I presume "M.A." is Harvey's sister.  Listed three households from James Henry THOMPSON & Angeline THAXTON, who are next to Angeline's parents, Benjamin D. THAXTON & Malinda L. GAULDING, who are two households from Richard's brother, Royal T. WILLIAMS & Delilah Sampson GAULDING

8.  U.S. Census, 1860:  Washington Twp., Mercer Co., MO, p. 194 (extracted by Doreen McGowan):
WILLIAMS, Richard 74 M VA
________, E. 66 F VA
________, John 27 M KY
________, Charles 21 M MO
BELCHER, M.J. 17 F MO
Martha J. Belcher is their granddaughter (by daughter Susan).

9.  Family Quest Archives:  Missouri 1870 Census Index.  Heritage Quest ACD-0019:  not found. 

10.  1880 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #3 of 27):  Washington Twp., Mercer Co., MO, p. 139A, PN 3, SD 7, ED 231, enumerated 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen).  For an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data). 
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 13 24 25 26
18 18 Williams Elisab W F 92   /   VA VA VA
    Crocket? Mary W F 65 Daughter / Keeping House VA VA VA
Elizabeth should be 86-88, not 92; age inflation appears to have set in.  Listed next to Elizabeth's son, Royal WILLIAMS, Jr.

11.  Hoover, Mrs. B.F. & Mrs. D. Hesler.  1965. Middlebury Cemetery, Mercer County, MO (online at the Mercer County MOGenWeb site):
WILLIAMS Richard ____  7 Jun 1878 98y 4m 3d; stone is down
WILLIAMS Elizabeth T. ___ 26 Jan 1886 99y 9m 2d; wife of R.
WILLIAMS Chas. ____ 15 Apr 1863 25y 1m 7d; son of R. & E.T.
Richard's age here does not agree with his age in the censuses; he should have been 92 at death, not 98.  Ditto Elizabeth; she should have been 94, not 99.  This appears to be a case of "age inflation," which is a common phenomenon found by genealogists.  In mid-life, people (especially women) want to appear younger, so they shave a few years off their age.  As people become elderly, they become proud of how long they've lived and start padding their age.  We should take the census records over the tombstones, as being both first-hand and contemporary and, thus, a more accurate reflection of their true ages.  A later birth date solves another problem:  If Elizabeth really had been born in 1786, then she would have been 52 years old when she birthed Charles, an extraordinary age to be having a child, even in our own time of good health and ample nutrition, much less back then.  I don't buy it.  A last birth at age 46 or 47 is much more reasonable, though still a stretch.

12.  Birthdate calculated using Ben Buckner's JavaScript Birthday Calculator.
Entered Result
 7 Jun 1878 3d 4m 98y  4 Feb 1780
26 Jan 1886 2d 9m 99y 24 Apr 1786
15 Apr 1863 7d 1m 25y  8 Mar 1838
(Calculated birthdates should always be prefaced with "ca." — you can't be certain the person who calculated their age did it correctly.)

13.  Emails from Art Daly, Doreen McGowan.

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