1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1830 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #3 of 4 — indexed "Straup"; list was roughly alphabetized; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1830

PA

Union [now Snyder] Co.

Freeburg

p. 306

Ln. 21

Stroup Jacob

100 010 - 000 010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	4 or under	1825-1830	= Son A
1 male	20-29	1800-1810	= Jacob (b. 1806-8)
1 female	20-29	1800-1810	= Hannah (b. 1805)

Their first child should be a girl, not a boy. Or was Mary born in 1830, not 1829?  I would doubt these are our subjects, except that Peter HACKENBERG (æ 50-60; wife æ 50-60) is also in Freeburg.  The list was alphabetized, so we can't tell whether they were living near each other.

3.  1840 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  can't find.

4.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #7 of 29 — indexed "Strab"):  Washington Twp., Union [now Snyder] Co., PA, p. 118, 40/43, enumerated 25 Nov 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Jacob Straub	42	M	Farmer	Penna
Hanah Straub	43	F		"
Mary A Straub	21	F		"
Catharine Straub	19	F		"
Jacob Straub	17	M		"
George Straub	15	M		"
Sarah Straub	12	F		"
Henry H Straub	10	M		"
Harriet Straub	8/12	F		"

5.  1860 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #80 of 384):  Chapman P.O., Chapman Twp., Snyder Co., PA, p. 374, PN 82, 571/589, enumerated 25 Jun 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Jacob Straub	54	M		Day Laborer		100	PA
Hannah    "	56	F					"
Catharine "	29	F					"
George    "	23	M		Day Laborer	250		"
Henry     "	20	M		Shoemaker			"
Harriet   "	10	F					"
Peter Arnich?	1	M					"

6.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #44 of 48):  Milton P.O., Borough of Milton, Northumberland Co., PA, p. 51B, PN 44, enumerated 22 Jul 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

239	247	Straub Jacob	63	M	W	Laborer	500	500	Penna
		______ Catharine	50	F	W	Keeping house			Penna
	248	Koehler Mary	70	F	W	Keeping house	700	200	Penna

Mary is the widow of George KOEHLER / KEHLER / KOHLER (see 1850/60 censuses of Milton).

7.  1880 Census (indexed at FamilySearch.org; page image online at Ancestry.com, Image #21 of 49):  Village of Port Trevorton, Union Twp., Snyder Co., PA, Roll 1194, p. 70A, PN 21, SD 7, ED 149, enumerated 10 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	8	10	13	23	24	25	26
172	188	Stroup Jacob	W	M	72		/	Carpenter		Pa	Pa	Pa
		______ Catharine	W	F	58	Wife	/	Keeping House	/	"	"	"

8.  George W. Wagenseller.  1904.  Tombstone Inscriptions of Snyder County, Penna.  Wagenseller Publ., Middleburgh, PA (facsimile hard copies available from HigginsonBooks.com; online at the Snyder County PAGenWeb site):

p. 235	Union Township...
p. 239	ZION'S UNITED BRETHREN CEMETERY...
p. 241	Straub, Hannah, w of Jacob, b Oct. 12, 1805, d April 7, 1865, aged 59 y 5 m 25 d...
p. 249	Washington Twp. ST. PETER'S CEMETERY, FREEBURG, PA...
p. 266	Straub, James E., s of S.J. and H., d Mar. 17, 1849, aged 2 y 7 m 2 d. Straub, Hannah, dau. of J. and H., d Apr. 2, 1848, aged 4 y 4 m 22 d.

Surely "S.J." is a mis-reading of "J.J.", which would then almost certainly make Jacob, "Johann Jacob."

9.  Birthdate calculated using Ben Buckner's JavaScript Birthday Calculator.

Entered		Result
7 Apr 1865	25d 5m 59y	13 Oct 1805
17 Mar 1849	2d 7m  2y	15 Aug 1846
2 Apr 1848	22d 4m  47	11 Nov 1843
(Calculated birthdates should always be prefaced with "ca." — you can't be certain the person who calculated their age did it correctly.)

10.  The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Vol. 165 (online at Ancestry.com):

Mrs. Mary (STRAUB) MARTIN DAR ID No. 164994 Born in Watsontown, Northumberland Co., PA Wife of Walter W. MARTIN Descendant of Ensign Johann Peter HACHENBERG, as follows: 1. George Peter STRAUB (1835-1916) m. 2d 1880 Anna Barbara BAKER (b. 1849). 2. Jacob STRAUB (____-1858) m. 1830 Hannah HACHENBERG (____-1865). 3. Peter HACHENBERG (1765-1847) m. Hannah SHAFER (1764-1854). 4. Johann Peter HACHENBERG m. Annie Elizabeth SEYFOOT (1743-1808). Johann Peter HACHENBERG (1741-1820) served as ensign in Colonel Baxter's regiment, Pennsylvania troops. He was born in Germany; died in Middleburgh, Northumberland [later Snyder] Co., PA.

Jacob did not die in 1858, and if he really married Hannah in 1830, then he had a prior wife.

11.  Floyd's Northumberland County Genealogy (online in the USGenWeb Archives; submitted by Tony Rebuck).  On p. 765:

ALBERT HACKENBERG, a retired citizen of Point township, Northumberland county, was born April 5, 1835, at Freeburg, Snyder Co., Pa., son of Jesse Hackenberg and grandson of Peter Hackenberg.  Peter Hackenberg was a native of Germany.  Coming to America when quite young he settled at Freeburg, Snyder Co., Pa., and followed farming during his active years, retiring a number of years before his death, which occurred about 1845, when he was advanced in years.  He had prospered in his agricultural operations and was a substantial citizen owning several farms.  For some years he served as a justice of the peace of Washington township, Snyder county.  He was a member of the German Reformed Church and is buried at Freeburg.  To him [Peter] and his wife Susanna (Shaffer) were born six sons and four daughters:  Hannah, who married Mr. Balliet; Mrs. Samuel Sheller; Mrs. Jacob Straub; Mrs. Samuel Sceller; Jesse; Peter L., who lived at McEwensville, Pa., later moved to Michigan, and returning to Pennsylvania settled at Milton in 1861 (he married Mary E. Hood); Jacob, who lived in Center county, Pa.; Daniel who lived in Center county, Pa.; Samuel, who was killed in the Mexican war; and John, who died at New Berlin, Pennsylvania...

12.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  IGI - International Genealogical Index (online at FamilySearch.org):

Harriet STRAUB Birth: 1834 Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Lucinda STRAUB Birth: 1835 Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Sarah STRAUB Birth: Abt. 1836 Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

George STRAUB Birth: 1837, Pennsylvania Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Wilson Gordon STRAUB Birth: Abt. 1838 Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Henry STRAUB Birth: 1840, Pennsylvania Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Harriet STRAUB Birth: 1850, Pennsylvania Father: Jacob STRAUB; Mother: Hannah GORDON Source: none given

Of the seven children listed above, only Sarah and Wilson are actually children of Jacob & Hannah (GORDON) STRAUB.  George, Henry, and the younger Harriet are children of our subjects, Jacob & Hannah (HACHENBERG) STRAUB.  Lucinda and the elder Harriet do not appear to be children of Jacob & Hannah (GORDON) STRAUB because they don't show up in their 1840 or 1850 census records.  In the 1850 census, Lucinda STRAUB and Harriet STRAUB are orphans living separately in Greenwood Twp., Juniata Co., PA, so it's hard to say whose children they are.  Both survived to marry, so it is not the case that they are our subjects' children, who died before the 1850 census.

13.  Broderbund.  World Family Trees.  Vol. 9, Pedigree #1060.

14.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).