Some secondary sources have John Theophilus THOMPSON & Mary NEWCOME as the parents of our subject.  Please see John & Mary's page for the reasons I do not see how they could remotely be our subject's parents. 

1a.  Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry.  [nd]  Marriage Records of Christian County, Kentucky, 1795-1825.  Typescript (LDS Film No. 0908037, Item #6).  On p. 57:

Thompson, Saml to Matilda Bradley

Sep 1806

Samuel Bradley

1b.  Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  Kentucky Marriages: Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-229):

Thompson, Samuel

Bradley, Matilda

29 Sep 1806

Christian Co.

2.  1810 Census  (extracted by A. Robert Matthiesen; see 1810 Table): 

1810

Samuel Thompson

10010-10100-00

Christian Co., KY

p. 62

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	9 or under	1800-1810	= John (b. 1807)
1 male	26-44	1765-1784	= Samuel (b. 1784)
1 female	9 or under	1800-1810	= Elizabeth (b. 1810)
female	16-25	1784-1794	= Matilda (b. 1786)

3.  1820 Census  (extracted by A. Robert Matthiesen; see 1820 Table): 

1820

Thompson, Samuel

210010-31010

Christian Co.

p. 34

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 males	9 or under	1810-1820	= Samuel (b. 1815) = Richard (b. 1811)
1 male	10-15	1804-1810	= John (b. 1807)
1 male	26-44	1775-1794	= Samuel (b. 1784)
3 females	9 or under	1810-1820	= Catherine (b. 1816) = Daughter B = Daughter A
1 female	10-15	1804-1810	= Elizabeth (b. 1810)
1 female	26-44	1775-1794	= Matilda (b. 1786)

4.  1830 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #13 of 148; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1830

IL

Morgan Co.

p. 60B

Ln. 14

Samuel Thompson

010 210 100 - 021 010 100

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	5-9	1820-1825	= Son A
2 males	15-19	1810-1815	= Samuel (b. 1815) = Richard (b. 1811)
1 male	20-29	1800-1810	= John (b. 1807)
1 male	40-49	1780-1790	= Samuel (b. 1784)
2 females	5-9	1820-1825	= Matilda (b. 1825) = Sarah (b. 1821)
1 female	10-14	1815-1820	= Catherine (b. 1816)
1 female	20-29	1800-1810	= Elizabeth (b. 1810)
1 female	40-49	1780-1790	= Matilda (b. 1786)

Listed next to newlywed George THOMPSON (000 010 - 000 100).  One would presume George to be our subjects' son (b. 1800-1810), but there doesn't seem to be a place for him in the earlier censuses.

5.  Census Index (online at GenealogyLibrary.com):

1835 State Census

Thompson, Samuel

IL

Morgan Co.

p.110

6.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com):  Matilda's not found as head-of-household, so she must be living with one of her children.

7.  Christian County, Kentucky, Tax Rolls, 1797-1816.  Heritage Quest, Microfilm No. V20-72 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen).  The more you work with the tax lists, the more you realize how sloppy, inconsistent, and incomplete they are.  Don't read them absolutely literally, and don't conclude that because someone is absent for a year or more that they are not in the county.  People were occasionally exempted from taxes, for a variety of reasons (e.g., old age, poverty, service to the community, widowhood, etc.).  A grey cell means that datum was not taken that year.  The date the list was turned in to the county clerk by the "lister" (tax collector) was not recorded after 1811.

The county was divided into two districts, but the tax lists did not distinguish between them every year.  If an individual occurs on both sides of the 1806-1807 change (from N-S to E-W), it can be helpful in locating them in today's Christian, Todd, or Trigg Cos.  The tax lists reflect the two districts in these years:

1799	No. 1 and No. 2
1801	North/No. 1 and South/No. 2
1804-1806	North and South
1807-1809	East/No. 1 and West/No. 2

We obviously have two (or more) Samuel's here, and the big question is:  How does the Samuel THOMPSON who married Matilda BRADLEY relate to the Samuel THOMPSON who married Polly READER?  The fact that Elizabeth THOMPSON — supposed daughter of Samuel and Mary — married in 1806 in Christian Co., KY, makes it almost certain that her parents were in Christian Co. in 1806.  So, which Samuel is which on this list?  Or are they the same person?  That is, was Matilda BRADLEY the second wife of the Samuel who married Mary?  Or was the Samuel who married Matilda son of the Samuel who married Mary (and/or Elizabeth?)?

Year	District	Dates of  Receiving Lists	Persons Names  Chargeable with the Tax	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	Acres			Watercourse	In Whose Name Entered	In Whose Name Surveyed	In Whose Name Patented
											1st	2nd	3rd
1797-1801	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1802		Aug 13	Thompson Samuel	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1803-1804	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1805	North	Apr 13	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1806	North	Jun 02	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	400	Trade Water	John Thompson	Same	-
1807	West	-	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	3	-	-	- - -	- - -	90 400 400	Tradewater do do	Thos McCarrel Metilday Bradley his own name	same same same	- - -
1808	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1809	No. 2	Oct 24	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	2	-	-	- - - -	- - - -	400  90 400 400	Tradwater Tradwater same same Hopkins Cty	Wm Bradley* Thomas McCarrell Matilda Bradley Samuel Thompson	- Thos McCarrell - Saml Thompson	- - - -
		Oct 24	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1810		Jul 11	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	2	-	-	- - -	- - -	400 400  90	Trade Water Same Same	M Bradley Saml Thompson Tho[unreadable]	Same Same Same	- Same -
		Jun 30	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1811		Jun 17	Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	2	-	-	- - -	- - -	400  90 400	T Water Same Same	Saml Thompson Saml Carrel M Bradley	- - -	- - -
1812			Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	2	-	-	- - -	- - -	400 400  90	T water Same Same	Matilda Bradley Bradly Thos McCarrell	Same Same Same	- - -
1813			Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	- -	- -	400  90	T water same	J Bradley T M[unreadable]	same S Thompson	- -
1814			Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	- - -	- - -	400 400  90	T water same same	W. Bradly M. Bradley Thos McCarrel	same same same	- - -
1815			Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	- - -	- - -	400 400  90	Trade water same same	Wm Bradley Matilda Bradley Thos McCarrel	- - Saml Thompson	- - -
1816			Thompson Samuel	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	- - -	- - -	400 400  90	Wf same same	- M Bradley Samuel Thompson	- - -	- - -
Legend for numerical data [grey indicates that particular datum was not taken that year]:  A = White Males 21 or over; B = White Males 16-20; C = Blacks over 16; D = Total Blacks; E = Horses & Mares (gelded male horses and female horses); F = Stud Horses (intact male horses); G = Rate of Covering (stud fee, in dollars); 1st/2nd/3rd refer to 1st Rate, 2nd Rate, or 3rd Rate land.

*There is something written between Wm. Bradley's name and Thomas McCarrell's name, but I can't decipher it.

8.  Anon.  1993.  Christian County, Kentucky, Wills and Estates, 1815-1823:  Christian County Will Book C.  T.L.C. Genealogy, Miami Beach, FL.
"C Court" = Christian Count Court.

p. 19	[See Will of John BRADLY, father-in-law of our subject.]
p. 22	Page 85.  Inventory and appraisement of the estate of John Bradley decd, taken by Kinchen Killabrue, Chs McCord, John McCord, David Bryan, & Wm Porter Jr, per C Court order.  Dec 5, 1816.  Includes notes on:  Danl Gray, James Bradley; an acct on:  Saml Thompson, Wm Bradley.  Total:  $494.01.  Signed - Oney Bradley, executrix.  Recorded Feb Term 1817.
p. 57-58	Page 210.  Act of the sales of the estate of Charles Beaty deceased.  Purchasers... Samuel Thompson...
p. 116	Page 472.  Sale.  Agreeable to an order of C Court at their Sep Term 1822, and agreeable to the nuncupative will of Nathaniel Brown deceased, we sold the decedent's estate.  Purchasers: Samuel Thompson...
p. 121-122	[See Will of Samuel McCORD, brother-in-law of our subject.]

9a.  Lon Arneld Bostick, Sr. & James Taylor Killebrew.  1985.  County Court Order Book "A" for Christian County, Kentucky for the Years 21 March 1797 - 29 August 1805...  Christian County Genealogical Society (1101 Bethel St., Hopkinsville, KY 42240).  Not found.

9b.  Lon Arneld Bostick, Sr.  1987.  County Court Order Book "B" Part 1 for Christian County, Kentucky, for the years 14 Oct 1805 - 12 Sep 1809 for a County Court held at Town of Hopkinsville. Christian County Family and History Research Society (4465 Cadiz Rd., Hopkinsville, KY 42240).  First column is the page number in Bostick; second column is the page number in Court Order Book B.

p.	p.	Date	Motions
24	45	10 Feb 1806	On motion Samuel Thompson he has leave to remove his certificate of 400 acres No. 1088.

One of several dozen landowners to do the same on varying parcels of land.

9c.  James Taylor Killebrew.  1987.  County Court Order Book "B" Part 2 for Christian County, Kentucky, for the years Nov. 1809 - 6 June 1814 for a County Court held at Town of Hopkinsville.  Christian County Family and History Research Society (4465 Cadiz Rd., Hopkinsville, KY 42240).  First column is the page number in Killebrew; second column is the page number in Court Order Book B.

p.	p.	Date	Motions
18	38	12 Mar 1810	Ordered that Doct. Daniel Preston be appointed Captain of Patrolers in the Town of Hopkinsville and its vicinity with Samuel Thompson, Jr., D. Bradburn, Sam'l A. Bowen and Harry K. Lewis be appointed patrolers under him respectively.  The bounds is to extend two miles a round the town.
31	69	10 Sep 1810	Sam'l Thompson : vs             :  On an appeal, non suit John Jennings  :
34	76	12 Nov 1810	Samuel Thompson, appellant  : vs                          :  On an appeal John Jennings, appelle      : It is ordered that the said appeal be dismissed.
163	430	2 May 1814	On the motion of Samuel H. Thompson for licence to solemnize the rites of matrimony it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court that
	431		the said Samuel H. Thompson is an odained minister of the Gospel who belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church and produced his credentials licences is granted him who entered into bond as the law directs with Peter Cartwright his security and took the oath required by law.

Question is:  what is the relationship between Samuel H. and Samuel Jr., and have we got a 3rd Samuel here?

9d.  James Taylor Killebrew.  1999.  County Court Order Book "C," Parts 1 & 2, Christian County, Kentucky, 1814-1819.  Christian County Genealogical Society (1101 Bethel St., Hopkinsville, KY 42240).  Not found.

9e.  There are no Court Order Books "D" or "E"; the letters were skipped.

9f.  James Taylor Killebrew.  1999.  County Court Order Book "F," Parts 1 & 2 [but not Part 3], Christian County, Kentucky, for the years 1819-1825.  County Genealogical Society (1101 Bethel St., Hopkinsville, KY 42240).  First column is the page number in Killebrew; second column is the page number in Court Order Book F.

p.	p.	Date	Motions
119	116	8 Nov 1820	On motion of Benjamin P. Campbell it is ordered that James McKnight, Samuel Thompson and Benjamin Hawkins be and they are hereby appointed viewers after being first sworn before a magistrate for that purpose to view and mark the nearest and best way for a road proposed to be cut leading from Madisonville in Hopkins County to Cadiz in Trigg County by way of Gainsburgh commencing at McKnight's Ford on Trade Water and from thence to Gainsburgh and report thereof to this Court.
216	213	2 Sep 1822	Ordered that William Campbell be appointed Surveyor of that part of the road leading from Hopkinsville commencing at the Muddy Fork and continuing to Spencer N. Calmes with all hands within the following bounds to wit; Beginning at Sugar Creek where the Saline road crosses said Creek thence up said creek and that branch heading at Benjamin Hawkins and to said Hawkins so as to include said Hawkins thence to Tyro Parrott so as to include said Parrots thence to Sam'l Thompsons so as to include said Thompson thence to Williamson's Mill on the Sand Lick Fork so as to include Wm. Reynolds and John Knight up the Sand Lick Fork opposite Joseph Clarks thence a line to where the Saline Road crosses the Muddy Fork thence to the Trigg Line at or near Elisha Harbors so as to include John Robertson and leave out the widdow Robertson thence with the Trigg line where it crosses the Muddy Fork thence up the Muddy Fork to the mouth of Sugar Creek thence up Sugar Creek to the beginning and all the hands within said Boundary.
241	236	3 Feb 1823	The last Will and Testament of Samuel McCord, deceased, was this day produced in Court and proven by the several oaths of Samuel Thompson and John McCord subscribing witnesses thereto to be the act and deed hand and seal of the Testator for the purposes therein whereupon the same was ordered to be recorded.
281	273	3 Nov 1823	Ordered that Samuel Thompson be appointed Surveyor of that part of the road leading from Hopkinsville to the Saline commencing at the Muddy Fork and continuing to Spencer N. Calmes with and the hands within the following boundary viz; Beginning at Sugar Creek where the Saline Road crosses said creek thence up said creek and that branch heading at or near Benjamin Hawkins and to said Hawkins so as to include him thence to Tyre Parrotts so as to include him thence to Samuel Thompsons to include him thence to Williamson's Mill on the Sand Lick Fork to include said Williamson Reynolds and John Knight thence up said Lick Fork opposite Joseph Clarks thence a line to where the Saline Road crosses the Muddy Fork thence to the Trigg line at or near Elisha Harbours so as to include John Robertson and include the Widow Robertson thence with the Trigg Line where it crosses the Muddy Fork thence up the Muddy Fork to the mouth of Sugar Creek thence up Sugar Creek to the beginning together with the following hands in addition James McKnight, Timothy Brown, John Reaves and William Henderson and their respective hands.

10.  Christian Co., KY, Marriage Records, 1797-1850.  Typescript.  LDS Film No. 0496899, Item #2.  This film is of a transcription of the county marriage books that includes a list of JPs and MGs performing marriage ceremonies in Christian Co.  Among those listed is:

Thompson, Samuel H.

Methodist

5-2-1814

11.   Stuart Seely Sprague.  1984.  Kentuckians in Missouri.  Genealogical Publ. Co., Baltimore, MD.  On p. 42 (missing columns contained no data):

BIRTHDATE	NAME OF BIOGRAPHEE	PARENTS/BIRTHPLACE/BIRTHDATE	SOURCE	PAGE	DATE
31 Jul 1807	J. Bradley Thompson	Samuel & Matilda S (Bradley) NC84/Va85	RAMA	1055	1876

"RAMA" is the next source.

12.  Anon.  1884.  History of Randolph and Macon Counties, Missouri... National Hist. Co., St. Louis, MO.

13.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  AF - Ancestral File (online at FamilySearch.org).

14.  Thompson Nexus, vol. 3, no. 3, Winter, 1992, p. 11. Archives of the THOMPSON-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com)

15.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).