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Col. John THOMSON
Sarah Woodson RAGLAND
Husband:  John THOMPSON / THOMSON
Birth:  7 Jun 1766, Louisa Co., VA
Death:  29 Oct 1834, Christian Co., KY 
Will proved:  1835, Christian Co., KY
Father:  William THOMSON
Mother:  Ann RODES
Marriage:  31 Mar 1789, Louisa Co., VA
Wife:  Sarah Woodson RAGLAND
Birth:  1769, of VA
Death:  aft. 1830
Father:  John RAGLAND
Mother:  Ursula TERRILL
Children (birth order not entirely known):
— born in VA:
  1.  Mary Ragland THOMSON, b. 17 Nov 1791

— born in VA or KY:
  2.  (Son A) THOMSON, b. ca. 1794

— born in Scott Co., KY:
  3.  James Lewis THOMSON, b. 1797/8
  4.  Nancy [Ann? Rodes?] W. THOMSON, b. 18 Nov 1799
  5.  (Son B) THOMSON, b. 1800-1801
  6.  William Woodson THOMSON, b. 1803; d. 1846
  7.  Sarah Ann "Sally" THOMSON, b. 11 Oct 1805
  8.  Louisa A. THOMSON, b. 1807/8, KY
  9.  (Son C) THOMSON, b. 1810-20
10.  Martha Elizabeth THOMSON, b. 1815, KY

.  George THOMSON, b. ?
.  Clifton THOMSON, b. ?

Martha is surely Sarah's last child because Sarah would have been age 46 in 1815, so George and Clifton must be two of the three males born earlier.

Keywords for search engines:  genealogy; USA, US, United States, Kentucky, Virginia

Timeline
Year Location Event
1766 VA: Louisa Co. birth of John THOMPSON
1769 VA birth of Sarah Woodson RAGLAND
1789 VA: Louisa Co. marriage of John THOMPSON & Sarah RAGLAND
1789-95 Virginia to Kentucky family moves
1790 Census   VA census destroyed; no KY census taken (it was not a state)
c1790 VA birth of daughter, Mary
1792 Kentucky achieves statehood; Scott Co. formed from Woodford Co.; Logan Co. formed from Lincoln Co.
c1794   birth of Son A
1797 KY: Christian Co. formed from Logan Co.
1795 KY: Scott Co. John THOMSSON, taxpayer
1797/8 KY birth of son, James
1799   birth of daughter, Nancy
1800 Census   KY census destroyed
1800 KY: Scott Co. John THOMPSON, taxpayer
1800-1810   birth of Son B
1803   birth of son, William
1807/8 KY birth of daughter, Louisa
    birth of daughter, Sarah
1810 Census KY: Scott Co. John THOMSON, head-of-household
1810-20   birth of Son C
1815/6 KY birth of daughter, Martha
1818 KY: Scott Co. marriage of daughter, Nancy, to William Asa SMITH
1820 Census KY: Scott Co. John THOMSON, head-of-household 
1826 KY: Christian Co. marriage of son, William, to Nancy Slaughter LONG
1827 KY: Christian Co. marriage of daughter, Sarah, to John McGARVEY
1829 KY: Christian Co. marriage of son, James, to Elizabeth QUISENBERRY
1830 Census KY: Christian Co. John THOMPSON, head-of-household
1832 KY: Christian Co. marriage of daughter, Martha, to Gabriel Brown LONG
1834 KY: Christian Co. death of John THOMPSON
1836 KY: Christian Co. marriage of daughter, Sarah (THOMPSON) McGARVEY, to Gurdon SALTONSTALL
1840 KY: Christian Co. marriage of son, James, to Catherine (QUISENBERRY) COFFEE

Sources:

1a.  Louisa Co., Va., Marriage Bonds, 1769-1856.  Original typescript by the "Genealogical Society, 1936" (online in the Archives of the THOMPSON-L mailing list at RootsWeb.com):
John Thompson Sarah Ragland March 28, 1789 Samuel Ragland, grandfather

1b.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service (online):  International Genealogical Index (IGI).
John Thompson m. Sarah Ragland 31 Mar 1789, Louisa Co., VA
This would appear to be the date of the wedding ceremony.

2.  1790 U.S. Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  the 1790 VA (and thus KY) census was destroyed.

3.  Anon.  1991.  The 1795 Census of Kentucky [as constructed from tax lists].  T.L.C. Genealogy, Miami Beach, FL (said to include every extant tax list in the state of Kentucky for the year 1795):
Name County
Thomason, Ann Scott
Thomason, Samuel Scott
Thompson, Gilbert Scott
Thompson, John Scott
Thomsson, John Scott
Thomsson, Lentexter(?) Scott
Thomsson, Richard Scott
Tompson, Rod. Scott
Tompson, Ron (?) Scott
Tompson, _hods (?) Scott

4.  1800 U.S. Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  the 1800 VA and KY censuses were destroyed.

5.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1800 (Broderbund CD-312):  
1800 Tax List Thompson, John KY Scott Co.
Other THOMPSONs in county were:  David, Gilbert, Jarvis, Martin, Robert, Rodes, and Watt.

6.  1810 U.S. Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #4 of 27; official enumeration date 6 Aug 1810; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
1810 KY Scott Co. Roll 8 p. 170A/629 Ln. 5 John Thomson 21101-21110-0/17
These data indicate:
No. & Sex Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
2 males 9 or under 1800-1810 = William (b. 1803)
= Son B
1 male 10-15 1794-1800 = James (b. 1797/8)
1 male 16-25 1784-1794 = Son A
1 male 45 or over by 1765 = John (b. 1766)
2 females 9 or under 1800-1810 = Louisa (b. 1807/8)
= Sarah (b. 1805)
1 female 10-15 1794-1800 = Nancy (b. 1799)
1 female 16-25 1784-1794 = Mary (b. ca. 1790)
1 female 26-44 1765-1784 = Sarah (b. 1769)
17 slaves all ages by 1810 = ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

7.  1820 U.S. Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #38 of 49; official enumeration date 7 Aug 1820; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
1820 KY Scott Co. George Town Roll M33_27 p. 129 Ln. 10 John Thomson 101301-12002-0-/20/00 slaves: 4542-4220 free colored: 0010-0000
These data indicate:
No., Race, Gender  Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 white male 9 or under 1810-1820 = Son C
1 white male 16-18 1801-1804 = William (b. 1803) 
3 white males 19-25* 1794-1801 = Son B
= James (b. 1797/8
= Son A
1 white male 45 or over in or bef. 1775 = John (b. 1766) 
1 white female 9 or under 1810-1820 = Martha (b. 1815)
2 white females 10-15 1804-1810 = Louisa (b. 1807/8)
= Sarah (b. 1805)
2 white females 45 or over in or bef. 1775 = Sarah (b. 1769)
= ?
20 people engaged in agriculture
4 male slaves 13 and under 1806-1820 = ? ? ? ?
5 male slaves 14-25 1794-1806 = ? ? ? ? ?
4 male slaves 26-44 1775-1794 = ? ? ? ?
2 male slaves 45 or over in or bef. 1775 = ? ?
4 female slaves 13 and under 1806-1820 = ? ? ? ?
2 female slaves 14-25 1794-1806 = ? ?
2 female slaves 26-44 1775-1794 = ? ?
1 free male colored 26-44 1775-1794 = ?
*In the 1820 Census, the third column is age class 16-18 and the fourth column is age class 16-25, which means any individual in column three is duplicated in column four.  So, for an accurate representation of the household, the number in column three should be subtracted from the number in column four. If, after the subtraction, any individuals remain in column four, then they have to be age 19-25, thus creating a "new," more precise age class.

8.  U.S. Census, 1830 (extracted by A. Robert Matthiesen; see 1830 Table):  
John Thompson 000 001 001 - 100 110 001 Christian Co., KY p. 40
These data indicate
No. & Sex  Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 male 30-39 1790-1800 = James (b. 1797/8)
1 male 60-69 1760-1770 = John (b. 1766)
1 female 4 or under 1825-1830 = S.A. (b. 1829/30)
1 female 15-19 1810-1815 = Martha (b. 1815)
1 female 20-29 1800-1810 = Elizabeth (b. 1809)
1 female 60-69 1760-1770 = Sarah (b. 1769)
James is son of John & Sarah, and Elizabeth is his wife.  "S.A." is the daughter of James & Elizabeth.  Martha is the youngest child of John and Sarah; she was the last of their children to marry, in 1832.

9.  Garrett Glenn Clift.  1977.  Kentucky Obituaries, 1787-1854.  Genealogical Publ. Co., Baltimore (reprinted from the Register of the Kentucky Historical Society) — as cited in the Archives of THOMPSON-L mailing list:
Col. John Thomson, of Christian Co., formerly of Scott Co., Died 29 Oct 1834 "at an advanced age."
(Lexington Observer & Reporter, 19 Nov 1834)

10.  Margaret Miriam Strong.  1928.  Genealogy of the Ragland Families.  Self-published, St. Louis, MO (online at Genealogy.com).  On p. 59:
John Thompson, born in Virginia, probably Louisa County, Jan. 7th, 1776, married March 31st, 1789, Miss Sarah Woodson Ragland, of Virginia, perhaps Lawden County.  They moved to Kentucky, starting Oct. 20th, 1789, and arrived at Georgetown [Scott Co.], Kentucky, Dec. 1st, 1789.

Their children were:
James, George, William and Clifton. (See later.) 
Mary married Dr. Gurdon Flower Salton stall. 
Nancy married William Asa Smith, her first cousin. 
Louisa married Mr. Steel. 
Sarah married, first time, McGarvey; second time, Dr. Gurdon Flower Saltonstall. 
Martha married Gabriel Long. Great-grandmother of George C. Long, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. 

11.  He was living in Kentucky according to Register of the State Historical Society of Kentucky.  36: 42, 43: 365. (Raynond A. Thomson, #2 Belgrave Court, Wichita Falls, TX 76309.)

12.  Archives of the THOMPSON-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com).

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