Among the above, Catharine was the eldest and Daniel the youngest, so these next four fit somewhere in between:

.  Peter STRAUB
.  Mary STRAUB; m. Andrew SHETTERLY (    -1850) — Andrew had brothers, John & Michael; no issue
.  Elizabeth STRAUB; m. Jacob STUMP
.  Barbara STRAUB

1.  Pennsylvania German Society.  1983.  "Records: of Baptisms, Catechumens, Confirmations, Marriages, and Deaths at the Lutheran Church in New Hanover: A List of Baptisms from 1740 to 1825 As They Appear in the Records of the Congregation."  Pages 114-289 in Pennsylvania German church records.  Vol. 2.  Genealogical Publ. Co., Baltimore (Broderbund CD-130).   [Originally published as:  J.J. Kline.  1911.  "The Lutheran Church in New Hanover (Falckner Swamp), Montgomery County, Penna." Pennsylvania-German Society Proceedings and Addresses 20: 1-444.]  On p. 272:

Straub, Johann Carl

b. Mar. 7, 1744

bap. May 6, 1744

Parents: John Peter & Maria Barbara

Sponsors: Carl Royer and wife

2.  John T. Humphrey.  1991-1998.  Pennsylvania Births.  14 vols.  Self-published, Washington, DC (Broderbund CD-196):

Child: Catharina Magdalena Straub Baptism: 29 Aug 1762 Source: Personal register of Daniel Schumacher State: Pennsylvania Father: Carl Straub Mother: Mrs. Maria Catharina Straub

Child: Margareda Catharina Straub Birth/Baptism: 23 Apr 1779 Location: Allemangel Lutheran Church, Albany Township County: Berks State: Pennsylvania Father: Carel Straub Mother: Mrs. Maria Catharina Straub

Humphrey utilized many sources for his compilation, one of which appears to have been the Ministerial Acts of Daniel Schumacher, Lutheran Pastor (1968, Pennsylvania German Society, v.1., p. 80) as cited by others and which further indicates the baptism occured in Lynn Twp.  Margareda Catharina must have died young because she is not mentioned in our subject's will.

3.  1790 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #43 of 51; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1790

PA

Northumberland [then Union, now Snyder] Co.

p. 84

Ln. 13

Charles Stroup

2-3-4-0-0

These data indicate:

Gender and Type	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 free white males	16 or over	in or bef. 1774	= Charles (b. 1744) = ?
3 free white males	15 or under	1774-1790	= Henry (b. 1774/5) = George (b. 1777/8) = Daniel (b. 1784/5)
4 free white females	all ages	in or bef. 1790	= Maria Catharina = Mary = Elizabeth = Barbara

4.  1800 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #5 of 6; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1800

PA

Northumberland [then Union, now Snyder] Co.

Moghentongo Twp.

p. 834

Ln. 19

Stroup Charles

01001-00001-00

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	10-15	1784-1790	= Daniel (b. 1784/5)
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Charles (b. 1744)
1 female	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Maria Catharina

5.  1810 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com — mis-indexed as "Storub"; Image #4 of 5; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1810

PA

Northumberland [then Union, now Snyder] Co.

Mohantango Twp.

p. 297

Ln. 23

Stroub Charles Senr

Revd

00001-00001-00

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1765	= Charles (b. 1744)
1 female	45 or over	in or bef. 1765	= Maria Catharina

6.  1820 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  not found.

7a.  Messages in the Straub Family Genealogy Forum (online at GenForum.com).  An abstract of the will of Charles STRAUB posted by Rosie Byard.

According to the will of Charles STRAUB (written 4 May 1816 and proved 25 Nov 1820), wife Catherine, Children: Charles, Daniel (who had a son, Charles), Peter, George, Henry (whose wife was Barbara), Catherine (Mrs. Nicholas STRAWSER), Mary (Mrs. Andrew SATTERLY), Elizabeth (Mrs. Jacob STUMP), Barbara (Mrs. Jacob STEFFEN).  He was of Mahantango Twp., then in Union Co., PA.

7b.  Will of Charles Straub at Lewisburg, Pa.  Will Book A, p. 143 (transcribed by Stephen Straub from a photocopy of the original):

In the name of God, Amen.  I Charles Straub, Sr., of Mahantango Township, Union County, Pennsylvania, yeoman, being very sick, but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be to God, calling into mind the mortality of my body, do make and ordain this as my las will and testament, in manner following, I recommend my soul into the hands of God, who gave it, and my body to the earth, to be buried in a descent manner at the discretion of my executors.  And, as touching my worldly estate, wherewith it has pleased God to bless me in this life, I give, devise, and dispose of same in the following manner and form.  First, I give and bequeath to Catherine, my beloved wife, all my real and personal estate in the township and county afiresaid. as long as she lives, also she shall have the power of doing with the said property and household furniture what she thinks proper, also, she shall have the power to demand payments of all debts due me. Will of Charles Straub, Sr. continued Or, She may give them into the hands of the executors, if she thinks propper to do so.  My dear son, Daniel, shall have 100 Pounds (L) out of my real estate when it is sold, out of the first money received.  The oldest son of Daniel, named Charles, after his grandfather, shall have 25 Pounds out of my real estate, and then the remainder of my money is to be divided into equal shares among my nine children, namely Charles, Peter, George, Henry, Daniel, Catherine (oldest daughter) married to Nicholas Strawser, Mary married to Andrew Shetterly, Elizabeth married to Jacob Stump, Barbara married to Jacob Stephy (Steffen).  I constitute, make, and ordain my two sons Henry and Daniel, to be my executors of this will and testament.  I do hereby utterly disallow all former testaments, wills, and legacies.  The executors are to ratify and confirm this, and no other, as my last will and testament, In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 24th day of May, 1816. Witnesses; Henry Rahmstein Henry German (Garman) Signed:  CARL STRAUB (in German script) Be it remembered, that on the 20th day of November, 1820, personally appeared before me, Deputy Register for Union County, Henry German, of the subscribing witnesses, who, being duly sworn, according to law, doth dispose and say, that he was present when Charles Straub, the testator, signed the instrument, which he declared as his last will and testament, and at the time of his so doing he was of sound mind and memory.  Sworn to and subscribed before Charles A. Snyder, Deputy Register.

8.  Archives of the STRAUB-L mailing list (online at RootWeb.com).

9.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).

10.  Mail and email from Sue (Gates) Davis.

11.  Herbert C. Bell.  1891.  History of Northumberland County...  Brown, Runk & Co., Chicago (text online at the PAGenWeb Northumberland Co. web site [link died]).  Paraphrased by DGM:

Mahantango Twp. was formed in 1795 from Penn's Twp.  In 1816, Mahantango Twp. ceded land to Perry Twp., then in 1818, to Washington Twp., at which point Mahantango ceased to exist.  Perry and Washington Twps. were further subdivided to form West Perry, Chapman, and Union Twps.  These five townships were among those ceded by Union Co. to form Snyder Co. in 1855.  Therefore, individuals living in "Mahantango Twp., Northumberland Co." were actually living in what later became south-central and southeastern Snyder Co.