Some secondary sources show son John Peter as the Peter STROUP who married Rosanna KOSER.  A descendant of this Peter has been Y-DNA tested, and results prove he cannot be a member of this family.

1.  Marriage Record:

2a.  John T. Humphrey.  1991-1998.  Pennsylvania Births.  14 vols.  Self-published, Washington, DC (Broderbund Family Archives: Birth Index: Southeastern PA, 1680-1800, CD-196):

Child	Johann Peter Straub	Barbara Straub	Andreas Straub
Birth/Baptism Date	18 Apr 1760	8 Feb 1761	17 Nov 1763
Source	Personal Register of Daniel Schumacher
State	Pennsylvania
Father	Andreas Straub
Mother	Mrs. Catharina Straub

2b.  Patricia Shirock's reply to my query in the Schumacher Family Genealogy Forum (online at GenForum.com):

Rev. Daniel's records have the following: Johann Peter Straub baptised April 23, 1760, 5 days old, at home in Lynn Twp. Sponsors were Peter & Anna Maria Straub. Barbara Straub baptised February 15, 1761, in Schollen's house, Lynn Twp. Sponsors were Tobias & Barbara Stiffeton. Andreas Straub was bapt. December 25, 1763 (Christmas Day) in the night at Allemangel. Sponsors were Tobias & Barbara Stebelton. (Probably the same as the sponsors above). Allemangel is an area that would include Lynn Twp.

3.  Pennsylvania Tax Lists, 1780 (extracted by Jim Burnell):•

1780 Tax List

Straub, Andrew

Northampton [now Lehigh] Co.

Lynn Twp.

p. 176

4.  1790 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #3 of 4; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1790

PA

Northampton [now Lehigh] Co.

Lynn Twp

p. 63/293

Ln. 16

Andrew Stroup

1-1-5-0-0

These data indicate:

Gender and Type	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 free white male	16 or over	in or bef. 1774	= Andrew (b. 1735)
1 free white male	15 or under	1774-1790	= ?
5 free white females	all ages	in or bef. 1790	= Catherine = ? = ? = ? = ?

By now, all their children are grown, so it's hard to say just who is living in the household at this point.  Also in Lynn Township, Andrew's brother, (Joh.) Daniel STROUP, Sr.  These are the only STRAUB/STROUPs in the township.  List is roughly alphabetized, so no neighborhood reconstruction is possible. 

3.  1800 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #27 of 66; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1800

PA

Northampton [now Lehigh] Co.

Lynn Twp.

p. 570

Ln. 16

Andreas Straub Senr

01001-00101-00

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	10-15	1784-1790	= Son A
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Andrew (b. 1735)
1 female	16-25	1774-1784	= Daughter D?
1 female	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Catherine

4.  Irwin Hoch Delong.  1926.  The Lineage of Malcolm Metzger Parker from Johannes Delang.  Mr. & Mrs. Harry W. Parker, Pittsburgh, PA (online at GenealogyLibrary.com).

p. 49

DD. UNCONNECTED DELONGS These DeLongs are added here to lay the basis for possible future researches concerning the DeLangs in the United States and in Europe...

p. 52

c. IN NORTHAMPTON CO., PA. I. Abraham Delong, Lynn Township, Northampton Co., Pa., made his will December 21, 1755, and it was approved September 22, 1756.  The will mentions a son Peter; other children are referred to but are not mentioned by name.  Testator's wife "Catren" is named as sole executrix.  The testator made his "mark," a capital D between his given name and his family name.  The will is on file in the Court House, Easton, Pa., but it is not recorded.  Witnesses:  John Everett, Samuel Braun, Michel Baumgerter. Children:  II. 1. Peter Delong, made his "mark," a capital D between his given name and his family name.      2. Math. Delong.     3. Abraham Delong.      4. John Delong.      5. Etwart Delong.      6. Rachel Delong, made her "mark."      7. Madelena Delong, wife of Henry Brethnig (Henrich Bretnich).      8. Hanna Delong, wife of Michael Engel (Englert).      9. Catherina Delong, wife of Andrew (Andreas) Straub. (Release, Peter Delong et al to Catherine Delong, dated August 3, 1764, witnessed by George Briner, George Kistler, Philip Schuman, and Daniel Straub.  Court House, Easton, Pa., Deed Book B, Vol. 1, pages 375ff.).

Andrew STRAUB had a brother named Daniel STRAUB.

5.  Archives of the STRAUB-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com).

6.  Emails from Jim Burnell; Emails from Rita Rogers Nowack.

7.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).