Pinckney is said by some to have first name, "James," while others give him middle initial, "W."  I haven't seen any primary records with either.

The name being misspelled here is the surname, "Pinckney," used as a given name.  Charles PINCKNEY (1757-1824) and his second cousin, Charles Cotesworth PINCKNEY (1746-1825), were signers of the U.S. Constitution as delegates from South Carolina.  In addition to those who held the name through a blood connection, many a child in the South was given the name, Pinckney, presumably in their honor.  Pinkney and Pickney would be misspellings.

She is said to be Sarah GILPIN-WILSON, but which is her maiden name and which is her prior husband's name?

1.  Marriage Index:  Kentucky, 1851-1900.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-233):

Corbin, Pickney

Collins, Catherine

16 Aug 1856

Russell Co.

.  Kenneth Corbin.  2009.  The Leaves of the Corbin Tree.  2 vols.  Self-published, Louisville, KY (the author did not routinely put surnames in all-caps, so I have converted them to make for easier reading):

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p. -	-
p. -	-
p. 140	701.  Pinkney9 CORBIN (James6, Rawley7, Thomas6, Rawley5, Elizbeth4 SMITH, Grace3 BALLARD, Anne2 THOMAS, William1) was born on 25 Jun 1836 at Russell Co., KY... The nine known children of Pinkney9 CORBIN and Catherine COLLINS were as follows   2029.   i.   -   2030.   ii.   -   2031.   iii.   -  + 2032.   iv.   John Millard CORBIN was born on 12 Nov 1862 at Adair Co., KY.  He married Amanda Catherine DIDDLE, daughter of Benjamin S. DIDDLE and Mary Ann GILL, on 24 Jun 1886 at Adair Co., KY   2033.   v.   -   2034.   vi.   -   2035.   vii.   -   2036.   viii.   -   2037.   ix.   -   -   x.   -   -   xi.   -   -   xii.   - ...
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2.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #19 of 107):  Columbia P.O., 1st Dist., Adair Co., KY, Roll M653_353, p. 115, PN 23, 149/149, enumerated 1 Jun 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Pinkney Corban	24	M		Farming		50	Russell Co Ky
Catharine	25	F		House Keeping			Adair Co Ky
Martha A	2	F					"      "
James T	9/12	M					"      "
Elizabeth Corban	65	F					Virginia

3.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #32 of 33):  Breedings P.O., Leatherwood Dist., Adair Co., KY, Roll M593_444, p. 110B, PN 32, 263/263, enumerated 16 Jun 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Corban Pinckney	30	M	W	farmer		100	Ky
______ Caroline	25	F	W	Keeping House			"
______ James T	7	M	W				"
______ Rosena	6	F	W				"
______ John N	5	M	W				"
______ Sarah E	3	F	W				"
______ Henry J	1	M	W				"

Sometimes an enumerator will actually get it right.

4.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  can't find, and I really looked.

5.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

6.  1900 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #7 of 45):  Gradyville Magisterial Dist. No. 4, Adair Co., KY, Roll T623_506, p. 77A, SN 4, SD 102, ED 4, enumerated 5 Jun 1900, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1900 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1900:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
67	70	Corbin Pinkney	Head	W	M	Jun 1837	62	M	45			KY	KY	KY	Farmer	0		Y	Y	Y	O	F	F	64
		______ Cathrine	Wife	W	F	Oct 1835	64	M	45	13	9	KY	KY	KY	Keeping House			N	N	Y
		______ Joe F	Son	W	M	Sep 1882	17	S				KY	KY	KY			0	Y	N	Y

7.  1910 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #24 of 30):  Greenburg? & Burksville? [hard to read] Road, Gradyville Voting Pct. No. 5, Adair Co., KY, Roll T624_462, p. 96B, SN 12B, SD 11, ED 7, enumerated 2 May 1910, official enumeration date 15 Apr 1910 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1910:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	17	18	19	20	23	24	26	27	28	29
*	205	205	Corbin Pinkney	Head	M	W	72	M2	1			KY	KY	KY	Eng	Farmer	General Farm	OA	N	N	O	F	F	181
			______ Sarah A	Wife	F	W	74	M?	1	6	4	KY	KY	KY	Eng	None			N	N
*Greenburg? and Burksville? Road

Sarah's maritial status is an "M" followed by a blob, which may be "2," but looks more like "3."  Listed next to married son, Felix CORBIN (æ 33, b. KY).

8.  1920 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  not found.

9.  Mellis-Hager & Extended Families (online at ancestry.co.uk)

10.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).

11.  Messages posted to the Corbin Family Genealogy Forum (online at GenForum.com).