John is almost certainly a descendant of Isaac UPDEGRAFF, the 17th-century immigrant to Pennsylvania, because the given name "Ambrose" appears repeatedly through the generations of that family.

1a.  Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  KY, NC, TN, VA, WV Marriages:  Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-229):  not found.

1b.  Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  Illinois/Indiana Marriages:  Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-228):  not found.

1c.  Anon.  1966.  Marriage Index:  Ohio, 1789-1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-400):  not found.

1d.  D.L. Murray & N.R. Murray, compilers.  1995. Marriage Index: IL, IN, KY, OH, TN, 1720-1926 (Broderbund CD-2):  not found.

1e.  D.L. Murray & N.R. Murray, compilers.  1995. Marriage Index: MD, NC, VA, 1624-1915 (Broderbund CD-4):  not found.

2.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  IGI - International Genealogical Index (online at FamilySearch.org).

John UPDEGRAFF Spouse: Mary Hendren BOOKER Marriage: Abt. 1825, Cass, Indiana Source: [patron submission]

This marriage date is obviously a guess — and wrong because it appears to be based on the false assumptions that William was the first child and that all the children were born in Indiana.
 

William UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1826, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

Emily UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1830, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

John Philip Booker UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1832, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

Ambrose UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1834, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

Mary UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1836, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

Annie Rebecca UPDEGRAFF Birth: 21 Apr 1837, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

Sarah UPDEGRAFF Birth: Abt. 1843, Cass, Indiana Father: John UPDEGRAFF; Mother: Mary Hendren BOOKER Source: [patron submission]

These are the children of the 1850 census, so they've missed Julia and Reuben, who were living independently.  Based on the 1850 census, and unless the 1850 census is wrong, only two of the children were born in Indiana.

3.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1830 (Broderbund CD-315):  can't find.  A check of the numbers shows the John UPDEGRAF in Wayne Co., OH, (00010001-002001) is not remotely our subject.

4.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #17-18 of 26; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1840

OH

Franklin Co.

Madison Twp.

pp. 17-18/98B-99A

J Uptegraft

021 100 100 - 201 101 000

0200000

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 males	5-9	1830-1835	= Ambrose (b. 1833/4) = John (b. 1831/2)
1 male	10-14	1825-1830	= Reuben (b. 1829/30)
1 male	15-19	1820-1825	= William (b. 1825/6)
1 male	40-49	1790-1800	= John (b. 1798/9)
2 females	4 or under	1835-1840	= Rebecca (b. 1838/9) = Mary (b. 1835/6)
1 female	10-14	1825-1830	= Emily (b. 1829/30)
1 female	15-19	1820-1825	= Julia (b. 1823/4)
1 female	30-39	1800-1810	= Mary (b. 1801/2)
2	persons engaged in agriculture

Listed one line below W. HENDRON (image 15-16; pp. 15-16/97B-98A; 000 010 - 100 010 | 0000000).

5a.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1850 (Broderbund CD-317):

1850	Updegraff, Emily	OH	Franklin Co.	Hamilton Twp.	p. 161
1850	Updegraff, John	OH	Franklin Co.	Madison Twp.	p. 209
1850	Updegraff, Charles	OH	Franklin Co.	Columbus 4th Ward	p. 260
1850	Updegraff, Ruben	OH	Franklin Co.	Franklin Twp.	p. 263

These are all the UPDEGRAFFs (or var.) living in Franklin Co. in 1850.  Checking the page images at Ancestry.com… The Charles UPDEGRAFF in Columbus is age 20, born in Germany, so he is probably not related to our subjects (living with him is Mary UPDEGRAFF, age 24, b. Germany, who may be his wife or his sister).  Emily UPDEGRAFF is a single woman, age 20, b. OH, living in the RUSE household, probably as a domestic.  I suspect she may be the daughter of John & Mary who accidentally got enumerated twice (it happens), once at home and once with her employer; otherwise, it's quite a coincidence as neither name, Emily or UPDEGRAFF, is common.  Reuben (age 20, b. OH) is living in the household of his married sister, Julia (UPDEGRAFF) SHERMAN (age 26, b. OH).

5b.  1850 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #16 of 63):  Dist. 38, Madison Twp., Franklin Co., OH, p. 208B, 123/127, enumerated 5 Nov 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

John Updegraff	51	M	Farmer	2000	Va
Mary	48	F			"
William	24	M	Farmer		O
Emily	20	F			"
John	18	M	Farmer		"
Ambrose	16	M	"		Ind
Mary	14	F			"
Rebecca	11	F			O
Sarah	7	F			"

It's very hard to explain the hop from OH to IN and back to OH, but that is what the record says.  Is there census-taker error here?  The big clue here is son, Ambrose, which almost certainly identifies them as descendants of Isaac UPDEGRAFF, in which family "Ambrose" was a common given name.