1.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  IGI - International Genealogical Index (online at FamilySearch.org):

Joseph STROUP Spouse: Jane DENTON Marriage: 13 Dec 1827, Madison, Ohio Source: Marriage Records, 1810-1967. Ohio. Probate Court (Madison County)

2.  1830 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #7 of 9; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1830

OH

Madison Co.

Stokes Twp.

p. 112

Ln. 24

Joseph Stroup

000 010 - 200 010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	20-29	1800-1810	= Joseph (b. 1796/7)
2 females	4 or under	1825-1830	= Elizabeth (b. 1829/30) = Daughter A
1 female	20-29	1800-1810	= Jane (b. 1806/7)

Joseph is in the wrong age class, but surely this is our subjects' household.  Listed next to Joseph's father, John STROUP, Sr., who is next to Joseph's brother, David STROUP, who is next to Joseph's brother, William STROUP (n.b., the list is not alphabetized). 

3.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #1-2 of 8; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1840

Oh

Madison Co.

Stokes Twp.

pp. 49A-49B

Ln. 17

Joseph Stroup

000 100 100 - 321 001 000

0100000

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	15-19	1820-1825	= ?
1 male	40-49	1790-1800	= Joseph (b. 1796/7)
3 females	4 or under	1835-1840	= Daughter B = Daughter A = Sarah (b. 1836/7)
2 females	5-9	1830-1835	= Mary (b. 1833/4) = Martha (b. 1831/2)
1 female	10-14	1825-1830	= Elizabeth (b. 1829/30)
1 female	30-39	1800-1810	= Jane (b. 1806/7)
1	person employed in agriculture

The teenage male was born before Joseph & Jane were married, so he is not their son.  Nor is he Joseph's son from a prior marriage because he's not in the household in 1830.  He may be kin or hired help.  As a farmer with six daughters and no sons, he certainly need some hired male help.  Listed four lines from Joseph's brother, David STROUP. 

4.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #9-10 of 16 — indexed "Shoup"):  Stokes Twp., Madison Co., OH, pp. 245A-245B, enumerated 18 Nov 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

63	63	Joseph Shoup	53	M	Farmer	6000	Ky
		Jane       "	43	F			Ohio
		Elizabeth J "	20	F			Ohio
		Martha      "	18	F			Ohio
		Mary        "	16	F			Ohio
		Sarah       "	13	F			Ohio
		Margaret    "	11	F			Ohio
		James D     "	9	M			Ohio
		[next page]
64	64	Joseph W Stroup	6	M			Ohio
		Simeon M	1	F			Ohio
		Amos Reese	25	M	Laborer		Pa

Son Joseph should not have been given new visitation numbers just because he started a new page.

5.  1860 Census Index/Images (online at Genealogy.com, Image #28 of 38 — indexed "Stross"):  Bowling Green P.O., Cuivre Twp., Pike Co., MO, Roll 639 (Book 1), p. 172, PN 28, 191/191, enumerated 14 Jun 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Joseph Strop	61	M		Farmer	6500	1500	Ky
Jane     "	51	F		Dom			O
Sarah    "	21	F		"			"
James    "	17	F		Farm Lab			"
Joseph   " Jnr	15	M					"
Simeon   "	10	M					"
Clara Kilgore	30	F		Dom			"
William  "	10	M					"

Clara is their widowed daughter; William is their grandson.

6.  1870 Census Index/Images (online at Genealogy.com, Image #66 of 68):  Bowling Green P.O., Cuivre Twp., Pike Co., MO, Roll 798 (Book 1), p. 155B, PN 66, 446/446, enumerated 29 Jun 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Stroup Joseph D	27	M	W	Farmer		1100	Ohio
______ Jane	62	F	W	Keeping House	5600		Ohio
Kilgore Clara	40	F	W				Ohio
Hunt Elizabeth	30	F	W				Ohio
Stroup Sally	25	F	W	at home			Ohio
______ Simeon M	21	M	W	Farm Laborer			Ohio

Clara and Elizabeth are Jane's widowed daughters.

7.  Archives of the STROUP-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com); gatewayed to the Stroup Message Board (online at Ancestry.com), including this message:

Joseph Stroup b 1797 m Jane b 1807 Elizabeth Stroup Hunt b 1830 Martha Stroup Waters b 1832 Mary Stroup Beires(?) b 1834 Sallie Stroup b 1837 (never married) James Denton Stroup b 1844 John M b 1847 Simon M b 1849 Claira Stroup Kilgore b 1828 Family moved from Ohio to Missouri in 1852 - settled in Bowling Green Missouri at a farm called "Stony Point". from the hand of Margaret Stroup Norvell 1962