— born in Jefferson Twp., Tuscarawas Co., OH:
5.  Philip STROUP, b. 1852/3
6.  John David STROUP, b. 1856/7
7.  Henry Wesley STRAUB / STRAUP / STROUP, b. May 1858

1.  Anon.  1966.  Marriage Index:  Ohio, 1789-1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-400):

Stroup, John C.

Weaver, Lydia

20 May 1844

Holmes Co.

2.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #18 of 27 — indexed "Straup"):  Jefferson Twp., Tuscarawas Co., OH, p. 59B, 791/793, enumerated 25 Sep 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

John C. Stroup	31	M		Farmer	2000	Pennsylvania
Lydia      "	24	F				Ohio
Christian  "	5	M				"
Michael    "	3	M				"
Margaret   "	2	F				"
Paulina    "	2/12	F				"
William Hida	18	M		Laborer		"

John's middle initial is definitely, "C."

3.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #15 of 27):  Philipsburg P.O., Jefferson Twp., Tuscarawas Co., OH, Row M653_1042, p. 203A, PN 165, 1044/1093, enumerated 11 Jul 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

John G Stroup	42	M		Farmer	3000	900	Pa
Lydia	35	F					Ohio
Christian	15	M					"
Michael	13	M					"
Margaret	12	F					"
Paulina	10	F					"
Philip	7	M					"
John D	3	M					"
Henry W	2	M					"

John's middle initial is definitely, "G."  Is he, perhaps, Johann Christian Georg?

4.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #31 of 45):  Patricksburgh P.O., Marion Twp., Owen Co., IN, Roll M593_348, p. 296B, PN 31, 212/211, enumerated 26 Aug 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Strouse John C	52	M	W	Farmer	2500	800	Pennsylvania
_______ Lydia	46	F	W	Keeping house			Ohio
_______ Margaret	22	F	W	without employ			Ohio
_______ Paulina	20	F	W	without employ			Ohio
_______ Phillip	17	M	W	Farm laborer			Ohio
_______ John D	13	M	W	at home			Ohio
_______ Wesley	11	M	W	at home			Ohio
_______ William	2	M	W				Indiana
_______ Michael	23	M	W	Farm laborer		200	Ohio
_______ Emma	20	F	W	Keeping house			Ohio

Given Lydia's age, is William adopted?  Michael & Emma (ALMOND) STROUP were married in January.

5.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #10 of 44):  Marion Twp., Owen Co., IN, Roll T9_303, p. 327B, PN 10, SD 4, ED 255, enumerated 5 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	8	9	11	13	21	22	24	25	26
64	66	Straup John C	W	M	62			/	Farmer			PA	PA	PA
		______ Margret	W	F	31	Dau	/		Keeping House		/	OH	PA	PA
		______ William	W	M	12	Son	/		Works on Farm	/		IN	PA	PA

Listed next to married son, Michael & Emma (ALMOND) STROUP.

6.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

7.  1900 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  not found.

8.  Message posted to the Straub Surname Board (online at Ancestry.com) by Dorothy Roeschlein:

I have a Bible, in German, which belonged to my great, great grandfather, John C. Stroup.  He married Leydda Weaver on February 22, 1844 by Reverend Henry Colorado, in German Township, Holmes Co., Ohio.  They had 6 Children, Christian, Michael, Margaret, Poline, Philip, and John David...