[The terminal "e" in German is not silent, so Mary's surname would have been pronounced in two syllables ("stee-lee"), regardless of how its spelling was Anglicized.]

— born in PA:
  1.  William STROUP, b. 1786 
  2.  John STROUP, Jr., b. 1789
  3.  (Daughter A) STROUP, b. bef. 1790; apparently died young
  4.  David STROUP, b. 18 Jun 1795

— born in KY:
  5.  Joseph STROUP, b. 1796/7
  6.  (Son A) STROUP, b. 1794-1801; apparently died young

— born in Ross Co., OH:
  7.  Jacob STROUP, b. 1802 
  8.  Sarah STROUP, b. 1804-10
  9.  Margaret STROUP; d. age 5
10.  Nancy S. STROUP, b. 1807

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1790 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #6 of 17; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1790

PA

Mifflin Co.

p. 110

Ln. 28

John Stroup

1-2-2-0-0

These data indicate:

Gender and Type	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 free white males	16 or over	in or bef. 1774	= John (b. 1750-60)
2 free white males	15 or under	1774-1790	= William (b. 1786) = John Jr (b. 1789)
2 free white females	all ages	in or bef. 1790	= Mary (b. 1766/7) = Daughter A

3.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1800 (Broderbund CD-312):  the 1800 Kentucky census was lost; there was no 1800 census in Ohio (it did not become a state until 1803).•

1806 Tax List	Stroup, John	OH	Ross Co.		p. 40
1807 Tax List	Stroup, John	OH	Ross Co.		p. 37
1808 Tax List	Stroup, John	OH	Ross Co.	1st District
1809 Tax List	Stroup, John	OH	Ross Co.	Union Twp.	p. 56

4.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1810 (Broderbund CD-313):  the 1810 Ohio census was lost (except for Washington Co.).•

1810 Tax List

Stroup, John

OH

Madison Co.

p. 10

5.  1820 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #1 of 2 — indexed "Stoup"; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1820

OH

Madison Co.

Stokes Twp.

p. 49A

Ln. 10

John Stroup

001401-02001-0-310

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	16-18	1801-1804	= Jacob (b. 1802)
3 males	19-25*	1794-1801	= Joseph (b. 1796/7) = David (b. 1795/6) = Son A
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1775	= John (b. 1750-60)
2 female	10-15	1804-1810	= Sarah = Nancy
1 female	45 or over	in or bef. 1775	= Mary (b. 1766/7)
3	persons engaged in agriculture
1	persons engaged in commerce
*In the 1820 Census, the third column is age class 16-18 and the fourth column is age class 16-25; therefore, any individual in column three is duplicated in column four.  By subtracting the number in column three from the number in column four, you can create an age class "19-25."

Listed next to presumed son, William STROUP (list was not alphabetized).  Where is John, Jr.?

6.  1830 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #7 of 9; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1830

OH

Madison Co.

Stokes Twp.

p. 112

Ln. 23

John Stroup Senr

000 010 000 100 - 001 000 001 000

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	20-29	1800-1810	= Jacob (b. 1802)
1 male	70-79	1750-1760	= John (b. 1750-60)
1 female	10-14	1815-1820	= ?
1 female	60-69	1760-1770	= Mary (b. 1766/7)

There was no girl born 1815-20 with them in the 1820 census, so, unless the 1820 census is in error, the teenage girl is not their daughter; and, in any case, Mary is too old to be her mother.  (Could she be Jacob's wife?)  Listed one line above son, Joseph STROUP; and one line below son, David STROUP, who is one line below presumed son, William STROUP (list was not alphabetized). 

7.  U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. The Official Land Patent Records Office.  On 3 Aug 1813, John STROUP patented 100 acres "at the headwaters of Paint Creek" [in Stokes Twp., Madison Co., OH] as assignee of Samuel SELDEN, who was granted the land for his military service in the Revolutionary War.  On 6 Jan 1814, John STROUP patented 400 acres "on Paint Creek" as assignee of Mathew IRVINE and Samuel RUSSELL, who were granted the land for their military service in the Revolutionary War.  These were not warrants for John's military service. 

8.  Abstract of Graves of Revolutionary Patriots.  DAR, Washington, DC (online at Ancestry.com):

Name	Cemetery	Location	Reference
STROUP, John	Crawford farm	Paint Twp, Madison Co Oh 17	Abstract of Graves of Revolutionary Patriots, Vol. 4, p. — Serial: 7324; Volume: 14
Note that inclusion in these volumes is not proof of service because no substantiation was required.

9.  Daughters of the American Revolution of Ohio, compilers.  1929.  The Official Roster of the Soldiers of the American Revolution Buried in the State of Ohio.  F. J. Heer Printing Co., Columbus, OH (online at HeritageQuest at Genealogy.com):

p. 335

STROUP, JOHN, Madison co One of the four who fought in Rev; W B L Wt 40923-160-55 is for "Widow of invalid pensr wounded at Brandywine; mar Hannah Wintworth (?) 7-2-1801; soldier d 1831 in Phila Pa ?" Was a native of Pa. Mar Mary Steel (d 11-4-1835); soldr d 2-4-1832; bur rear of Maxey schoolhouse Madison co O. Inscript cop 1924: "__roup, __eb 4 1832 ___y." By side is stone "In memory of Mary wf of John Stroup d Nov 4 1835 æ 68 yrs.  Came to Chillicothe O 1799; movd to Madison co O 1805; mentioned in Clarke co Hist. Rept by Capt Wm Hendricks chpt; Mrs Fred Hoch."

The compilers of this volume go out of their way to make it appear as though the volume is a primary source with the official imprimatur of the U.S. Government.  In point of fact, it is a mostly undocumented secondary source.  They have mixed up two different John STROUPs, which is clearly evident from the pension record because the John STROOP/STROUP who married Hannah WENTWORTH in 1801 in Philadelphia also died in Philadelphia, in 1831 (the Battle of Brandywine was fought on 11 Sep 1777 about 25 miles southwest of Philadelphia).  Our subject was living in Kentucky by 1796 and in Ohio by 1799, and he died in Ohio in 1832 as clearly shown in this very sketch.  ["W B L Wt" stands for "Bounty Land Warrant."] 

10.  Anon.  1895.  A Portrait and Biographical Record of Boone and Clinton Counties, Ind…  A.W. Bowen & Co., Chicago, IL (online at the Clinton County, Indiana, USGenWeb site; transcribed by "Connie").  For full excerpt, see Biographical sketch of Jacob STROUP, Jr., grandson of our subject.  The following excerpt refers specifically to our subject. 

John Stroup ... was born in Germany, came to America before the Revolution, and was at that time a single man.  He served eight years in the patriot army; and at Charleston, S.C., during the siege, while dipping loose powder to load a cannon, the magazine exploded and blew him a distance of one hundred yards.  He was badly mangled, but finally recovered.  He was an early settler of Ross county, Ohio, and a farmer...

If John STROUP was truly born in Germany, not Pennsylvania, then we've attached him to the wrong parents.

11.  Anon.  1883.  The History of Madison County, Ohio. W.H. Beers & Co., Chicago (online at Heritage Pursuit and HeritageQuest at Genealogy.com):

p. 512	In March, 1819, the Commissioners of Madison County prepared a duplicate of all the resident land-owners of said county at that time, and while hunting through the musty pages stored away in the court house vaults, we fortunately discovered this record. It consists of a few sheets of paper sewed together, but without back or cover; yet for more than sixty years it has preserved in its pages the names of those men who settled and built up the rich and prosperous county of Madison. It reads as follows...
p. 513	"... John Stroup ..." In giving this list, we cannot vouch for its accuracy, or that it contains the name of every land-owner residing in Madison County in March, 1819. We have copied the list verbatim, and presume that such a record would be correct. Our only object in printing it is to try and preserve the names of many who have long since been forgotten. If this has been accomplished, our purpose is attained, and we feel that the reader may derive some infor-
p. 514	mation from a careful perusal of a list of pioneers who a assisted materially in building up the leading stock county in Ohio.

12.  Archives of the STRAUB-L Mailing List (online at RootsWeb.com), especially messages from Jim Burnell.

13.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).  A file there (submitted by Clayton Crandall) included these notes for our subject:

From Pennsylvania then, John Stroup moved to Chillicothe and then to Madison Co.  From Fanny Vent's notes, I find a birth year, for him of 1764 and one of 1767 for Mary Steele.  In the M92H, there is a deed giving land to the sons of John and Mary: John, William, and Jacob. From F.V.s notes I found the rest of their children: - William - Jacob - John (1789-1845) - see below - Joseph - David (6/18/1795- 4/39/1876) -married Mary Ray, - Nancy ( 1807-1891) - married Cyrus-.Timmonsr - Sarah - Margaret - died at five years of age. Also on page 830 of the Beers History I found: John Stroup was a native of Pennsylvania, and settled on the Buffenberger land about 1810, where he remained through life.  He devoted his life to farming; had a family of five sons and two daughters: one now survives, and is a resident of Range Township, now Widow Nancy Timmons.

14.  Anon.  9 Sep 2007.  "The Obama Family Tree."  Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago, IL (PDF file online at suntimes.com).