— with Harmon & Nancy in 1850:
.  Henry C. STROUP, b. 1846/7
.  Mary Jane STROUP, b. 1848/9

— with Harmon & Nancy in 1860:
.  George STROUP, b. 1843/4
.  William STROUP, b. 1845/6
.  Peter STROUP, b. 1846/7
.  John STROUP, b. 1849/50
.  Elizabeth STROUP, b. 1850/1

— with Nancy in 1870:
.  Jacob STROUP, b. 1853/4 — possibly Jacob Henry "Jake" STROUP, b. Jan 1854
.  Amanda STROUP, b. 1857/8

1.  Marriage Record:

2a.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #6 of 153):  District No. 42, Jefferson Co., MO, p. 409B, 45/45, enumerated 7 Aug 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Harmen Stroup	25	M		Farmer		Mo
Nancy     "	30	F				Tenn
Henry     "	3	M				Mo
Mary Jane "	1	F				Mo

Listed next to Elizabeth (STROUP) GAMBLE, who is probably Harmon's aunt and with whom is living Thomas STROUP, who is probably Harmon's brother.  

2b.  1850 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #144 of 153):  District No. 42, Jeffferson Co., MO, Roll M432_402, p. 478B, 1051/1051, enumerated 29 Oct 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Harmon Stroup	27	M		Laborer		Mo
Nancy E   "	29	F				Tenn
Henry     "	3	M				Mo
Mary J    "	1	F				Mo

Harmon & Nancy have managed to get themselves enumerated twice.  Listed next to Silas BELEW.

3.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #35 of 35 — indexed "Harmon"):  Morses Mills [Morse Mills] P.O., Big River Twp., Jefferson Co., MO, Roll M653_626, p. 693, PN 144, 1097/1087, enumerated 10 Aug 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Delly Husky	25	M		laborer		80	Mo
Ellen Husky	20	F		Spinstress			"
Mary	4	F					"
Jane	8/12	F					"
Carmon? Stroup	40	M		farmer	200	150	"
Nancy      "	36	F					"
George	16	M		farm hand			"
William	14	M					"
Peter	13	M					"
John	10	M					"
Elizabeth	9	F					"

The first letter of the adult male's name doesn't really look like the captial H's beginning Husky, but it doesn't exactly look like a "C," either.  Over and above that problem is that of Nancy's birthplace (she was born in TN) and the total lack of correspondence between the children in 1860 and those in 1850 (or 1870) raising the question as to whether this is a childless couple taking in orphans and/or foster children (n.b., I cannot find these children with another STROUP family in 1850).  The next page, page 694, is the last page for the township and it's missing, both at Ancestry.com and Genealogy.com, so there may have been younger children in the household, enumerated on the missing page.  Or did the enumerator err and these children are not surnamed STROUP?

4.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #18 of 45):  Hillsboro P.O., Central Twp., Jefferson Co., MO, Roll M593_783, p. 229B, PN 18, 133/140, enumerated 13 Jul 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Stroup Nancy	45	F	W	Keeps House			Tennessee
______ Jacob	16	M	W	Works on farm	400	350	Missouri
______ Amanda	12	F	W	At Home			Do

5.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #33 of 38):  Central Twp., Jefferson Co., MO, Roll T9_695, p. 106A, PN 33, SD 1, ED 193, enumerated 17/18 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

9

10

11

13

22

23

24

25

26

302

306

Jones Louis

W

M

27

/

Farmer

/

/

Missouri

Pru

Pru

_____ Amanda

W

F

22

/

Keeping house

/

/

Missouri

Pru

Pru

_____ William

W

M

2

/

Missouri

Pru

Pru

Stroup Nancy

W

F

55

Mother in law

/

/

/

/

Tenn

Pru

Pru

This enumerator was "Prussia-happy."  He had the parents' birthplaces on adjacent households also listed as Prussia.