— born in GA, either Habersham Co., GA, or Walker Co., GA:
  3.  Mary Jane STROUP, b. 1833/4
  4.  Anthony Alexander STROUP, b. 1834/5
  5.  Aaron Washington STROUP, b. 1837/8
  6.  (Daughter A) STROUP, b. 1839/40; d. by 1850

— born in Walker Co., GA:
  7.  Sarah Elizabeth D. STROUP, b. 1840/1
  8.  James M. STROUP, b. 11 Feb 1843; d. 30 Jan 1881, Franklin Co., AR; m. C.B. HATFIELD
  9.  Henry Don STROUP, b. 1847/8

Based on the 1860 census, I would have said Richard was Matilda's son by a prior marriage (to a Mr. ESLINGER); however, some secondary sources say she was the daughter of Daniel & Mary ESLINGER.  So… Did Matilda ESLINGER marry first a Mr. ESLINGER?  Or was Richard her illegitimate son?  Either way, he is not our subject's son.

1.  Marriage Records:  Selected U.S./International Marriage Records, 1340-1980, from Yates Publishing (Broderbund CD-403):

Groom			Marriage		Bride
Name	Birthyear	Birthplace	Year	Place	Name	Birthyear	Birthplace
Adam Washington Stroup	1800	NC	1828	SC	Jane Peeler	1809	SC
Adam Washington Stroup	1800	NC	1851	-	Matilda Eslinger	1824	-
These data were extracted from submitted family group sheets.  They are not primary records, so caveat emptor.

2.  1830 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #41 of 118; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1830

GA

Habersham Co.

Roll M19_18

p. 28

Ln. 19

Adam Stroup

100 001 - 000 010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	4 or under	1825-1830	= Jacob (b. 1828/9)
1 male	30-39	1790-1800	= Adam (b. 1800)
1 female	20-29	1800-1810	= Jane (b. 1808/9)

3.  1840 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #5-6 of 14; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1840

GA

Walker Co.

Roll M704_52

pp. 81B-82A

Ln. 31

Adam Stroup

211 001 - 110 001

0001100

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 males	4 or under	1835-1840	= Aaron (b. 1837/8) = Anthony (b. 1834/5)
1 male	5-9	1830-1835	= Daniel (b. 1830)
1 male	10-14	1825-1830	= Jacob (b. 1828/9)
1 male	30-39	1800-1810	= Adam (b. 1800)
1 female	4 or under	1835-1840	= Daughter A
1 female	5-9	1830-1835	= Mary J. (b. 1833/4)
1 female	30-39	1800-1810	= Jane (b. 1808/9)
1	person employed in commerce
1	person employed in manufactures and trades

4a.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #12 of 281):  East Chickamauga, Walker Co., GA, Roll M432_85, p. 347B, 73/73, enumerated 10 Aug 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Adam Stroup	50	M		farmer	1200	NC
Jane      "	41	F				SC
Jacob     "	21	M				"
Mary J    "	16	F				Ga
Anthony A "	14	M				"
Aaron W   "	12	M				"
Sarah E D "	9	F				"
James M   "	6	M				"
Henry D   "	2	M				"

Mary Jane and Anthony are said to be twins, but their ages in the census do not support it.

4b.  1850 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  Matilda E. ESLINGER (æ 25, b. TN) is living in East Chickamauga, Walker Co., GA (p. 350B), with the ROACH family.

5.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #4 of 16 — indexed "Stronp"):  Anderson P.O., Trickum District, Whitfield Co., GA, Roll M653_141, p. 514, PN 3, 27/27, enumerated 22 Jun 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Adam Stroup	60	M		Farmer	1200	700	NC
Matilda   "	35	F					Tenn
Elizabeth "	20	F					Ga
James M   "	18	M		Farm Labore			"
Henry D   "	14	M					"
Richard B Eslinger	8	M					"
Lucretia Stroup	3	F					"

6.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #12 of 23):  Tunnell Hill P.O., 27th Dist., Whitfield Co., GA, Roll M593_183, p. 184B, PN 50, 87/83, enumerated 10 Aug 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Straup Adam	70	M	W	Farmer	1000	400	N Carolina
______ Matilda	45	F	W	keeping house			Tennessee
______ Richard B	16	M	W	work on farm			Georgia
______ Luticia	12	F	W	at home			Georgia
______ Catherine	6	F	W	at home			Georgia

7.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #14 of 19):  Peavine Dist., Walker Co., GA, Roll T9_169, p. 364C, PN 27, SD 1, ED 185, enumerated 16 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	8	9	11	13	21	24	25	26
257	257	Stroup Matilda F	W	M	56			/	Farmer		TN	TN	VA
		______ Richard B	W	M	26	Son	/		Farmer		GA	GA	TN
		______ Catharine	W	F	16	Dau	/		At home	/	GA	GA	TN

8.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

9.  Archives of the STRAUB-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com).

10.  Descendants of Hans Dellinger by Thomas J. Dellinger.

11.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service: Pedigree Resource File (index to CDs, online at FamilySearch.org).