Barbara must have married Mr. OVERHOLTZER when she was very young; either that or she lied about her age later in life.

— born in Lebanon Co., PA; baptized in Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon Co., PA:
  2.  Ehrastus / Erastus "Rastus" STRAUB, b. 1846; bap. 25 Dec 1846 
  3.  Thomas Peter STRAUB, b. 1847; bap. 19 Mar 1848 
  4.  Amende Medilte / Amanda Matilda STRAUB, b. 1848; bap. 13 May 1849
  5.  Wilhelmina STRAUB, b. Feb/Mar 1850; bap. 4 Aug 1850

— born in Lebanon Co., PA, or Carbon Co., PA:
  6.  Johannes / Johann Heinrich STRAUB, b. 2 Aug 1851; d. 9 Aug 1852
  7.  Eliza STRAUB, b. 5 Jan 1853; d. 18 Jun 1854
  8.  Julia Angeline STRAUB, b. 1853/4
  9.  Titus STRAUB, b. 1856
10.  James F. STRAUB, b. Jan 1857

— born in Franklin Twp., Carbon Co., PA:
11.  Amos STRAUB, b. 1860/1
12.  Sarah "Sallie" STRAUB, b. 1863
13.  Calvin Z. STRAUB, b. 1868/9

1.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  IGI - International Genealogical Index (online at FamilySearch.org):

Ehrastus STRAUB Christening: 25 Dec 1846, Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon, Pennsylvania Father: Thomas STRAUB; Mother: Medilte Source: LDS Film/Fiche #0538091, Item 14: Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, Parish Registers, 1768-1953. Frederick Sheely Weiser.

Thomas Peter STRAUB Christening: 19 Mar 1848, Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon, Pennsylvania Father: Thomas STRAUB; Mother: Medilte Source: LDS Film/Fiche #0538091, Item 14: Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, Parish Registers, 1768-1953. Frederick Sheely Weiser.

Amende Medilte STRAUB Christening: 13 May 1849, Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon, Pennsylvania Father: Thomas STRAUB; Mother: Medilte Source: LDS Film/Fiche #0538091, Item 14: Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, Parish Registers, 1768-1953. Frederick Sheely Weiser.

Wilhelmina STRAUB Christening: 4 Aug 1850, Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon, Pennsylvania Father: Thomas STRAUB; Mother: Medilte Source: LDS Film/Fiche #0538091, Item 14: Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, Parish Registers, 1768-1953. Frederick Sheely Weiser.

2.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #4 of 15):  Jonestown, Swatara Twp., Lebanon Co., PA, p. 172B, 35/36, enumerated 23 Sep 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Thomas Stroub	25	M		Blacksmith	350	Pennsylvania
Matilda   "	25	F				"
Issabella	6	F				"
Rastus	4	M				"
Thomas	3	M				"
Emanda	2	F				"
William	6/12	M				"
John Stroub	19	M				"

John STROUB/STRAUB is Thomas's brother.

3.  1860 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #40 of 43):  Parryville P.O., Franklin Twp., Carbon Co., PA, p. 39, PN 110, 771/281, enumerated 14 Jul 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Thomas Straub	36	M		Blacksmith	100	250	Pa
Matilda	36	F					"
Isabella	16	F					"
Erastus	13	M					"
Thomas	12	M					"
Amanda	11	F					"
Wilhelmina	10	F					"
Angeline	6	F					"
Titus	4	M					"
James	2	M					"

4.  1870 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #36 of 48):  Parryville P.O., Franklin Twp., Carbon Co., PA, p. 80B, PN 36, 235/256, enumerated 12 Jul 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Straub Thomas	45	M	W	Black Smith	3500	600	Pennsylvania
______ Matilda	45	F	W	Keeping house			"
______ Erastus	23	M	W	Telegraph Operator			"
______ Amanda	21	F	W				"
______ Julia	16	F	W				"
______ Titus	13	M	W				"
______ James	11	M	W				"
______ Amos	9	M	W				"
______ Sarah	7	F	W				"
______ Calvin	1	M	W				"

5.  1880 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #13 of 14):  Parryville, Carbon Co., PA, Roll T9_1108, p. 519A, PN 13, SD 4, ED 124, enumerated 5 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

10

13

21

22

23

24

25

26

129

133

Straup Thomas

W

M

55

/

Road master

Pa

Pa

Pa

______ Barbara M

W

F

55

/

Keeping house

/

/

Pa

Pa

Pa

______ Amos

W

M

19

/

Laborer

Pa

Pa

Pa

______ Sallie

W

F

16

/

House work

Pa

Pa

Pa

______ Calvin Z

W

M

11

/

Pa

Pa

Pa

Listed five households from Levi & Leanna (STRAUB) SCHAFER. 

6.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

7.  1900 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #
 

.  St. John's Union Church Cemetery (Old Towamensing Cemetery), Palmerton, PA (compiled by "Cindy G." and linked to Carbon County Cemeteries web site):

First	Last	Born	Died	Row/Stone	Notes
Johannes	Straub	8/2/1851	8/09/1852	30 / 3	Joheinrich (sic) son of Thomas and Barbara Straub
Eliza	Straub	1/5/1853	6/18/1854	30 / 6	Eliza daughter of Thomas and Barbara M. Straub

Could "Joheinrich" be a mis-reading of Joh. Heinrich, short for Johann Heinrich?

.  Jack Sterling.  Evergreen Cemetery, Jim Thorp, Pennsylvania.  Evergreen Cemetery Association (online at the Cemeteries of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, web site):

Surname	Given Name	Born	Died	Plot	Sect	Plot Owner	Inscriptions, Genealogical Notes & Military Service
Straup	Matilda	1824/01/08	1910/05/09	98.5	H	Marsden, William, Mrs.	"Wife of Thomas Straup"

.  John W. Jordan, Edgar Moore Green, & George T. Ettinger, eds.  1905.  Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania.  Lewis Publ. Co., New York (excerpts online at Karen Smith Furst's web site):

Allen Straup ALLEN E. STRAUP, one of the progressive young business men of Easton, proprietor of a grocery store on the south side, is descended from one of the old families of the Lehigh Valley.  His paternal great-grandfather was a native of Northampton county, Pennsylvania, where he spent his entire life and reared his family.  His son, Thomas Straup, was also there and continued to make it his home.  In early life he learned the blacksmith's trade and became a good mechanic, but afterward took up the study of medicine and engaged in its practice.  He was a man of worth and ability, and a most patriotic and loyal citizen.  On attaining man's estate he married Matilda Seigfried, also a native of Northampton county, and to them were born fourteen children, thirteen of whom grew to maturity, and six of the number are still living.  The family have long been earnest members of the Evangelical church, in which the grandfather of our subject held several offices.  His wife is still living and resides in Northampton county...

.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).

.  Archives of the STRAUB-L Mailing List (online at RootsWeb.com).