Was her middle name, "Martha"?  Or was her name in the 1870 census enumerator error?  If not, then John had remarried to someone named Martha between 1860 and 1870 and, if so, has Nancy's tombstone been mis-read?

Said to have had a daughter, Catherine Vancor STRAUB, who married a THOMPSON, but no such daughter appears with our subjects in any census.

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #25-26 of 32):  Buffalo Twp., Union Co., PA, pp. 270AB, 1460/1535, enumerated 3 Oct 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (enumerated by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

John Straub	29	M	Farmer		Pa
Nancy	25	F			"
Amanda	2	F			"
Elisabeth Bay	56	F			"
[next page]
Daniel Strob	28	M	Miller		Pa

Elisabeth (STEELEY) STRAUB BAY is John's mother; Daniel is John's brother. 

3.  1860 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #50 of 65; online at Genealogy.com, Image #10 of 25):  Lewisburg P.O., East Buffalo Twp., Union Co., PA, Roll 1188 (Book 1), p. 730, PN 132, 832/896, enumerated 18 Jul 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

John Straub	39	M		Farmer	1100	400	Penna
Nancy Straub	32	F					"
Amanda Straub	12	F					"
Elizabeth Straub	10	F					"
Barbara Straub	6	F					"
Sarah Straub	3	F					"
Hannah Straub	9/12	F					"
Daniel Straub	37	M		Day Laborer			"
Elizabeth Straub	65	F					"

Nancy's age may have been wrong in 1850, but more likely she has shaved three years off her age here and continued to do so for the rest of her life, hence her birthyear on her tombstone, as well as in post-1850 censuses, is probably incorrect.  Elisabeth (STEELEY) STRAUB BAY is John's mother; Daniel is John's brother. 

4.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #6 of 14):  Le Sueur P.O., Tyrone Twp., Le Sueur Co., MN, Roll M593_2007 (Book 1), p. 555, PN 13, 101/96, enumerated 18 Jun 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Straub John	45	M	W	Farmer	2000	600	Penn
"   Martha	42	F	W	Keeping house			"
"   Barbara	14	F	W				"
"   Sarah	10	F	W				"
"   Hannah	12	F	W				"
"   Thomas	9	M	W				"
"   Daniel	44	M	W	Farm Laborer			"

Was Nancy's middle name Martha?  Or is this enumerator error.

5.  1880 Census (indexed at FamilySearch.org; page image online at Ancestry.com, Image #51 of 51):  Tyrone [Twp.], Le Sueur Co., MN, Roll T9-0624 (Book 2), p. 228A, PN 50, SD 2, ED 119, enumerated 29 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

9

11

13

24

25

26

156

158

Strub John

W

M

58

/

Farmer

Pa

Pa

Pa

_____ Daniel

W

M

56

Brother

/

Farmer

Pa

Pa

Pa

_____ Lizzie

W

F

29

Dau

/

Keepen haus

Pa

Pa

Pa

_____ Barbara

W

F

25

Dau

/

Student

Pa

Pa

Pa

_____ Samual

W

M

18

Son

/

Pa

Pa

Pa

Bay John

W

M

23

Servant

/

Servant

Pa

Pa

Pa

6.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

7.  1900 Census Index/Images (online at Genealogy.com, Image #20 of 21):  Tyrone Twp., Le Sueur Co., MN, Roll T623_773 (Book 1), p. 193B, SN 10, SD 3, ED 76, enumerated 23 Jun 1900, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1900 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1900:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

13

14

15

19

20

22

23

24

25

26

27

169

169

Straub John

Head

W

M

Mar 1821

79

Wd

PA

PA

PA

Farmer

Y

Y

Y

O

F

F

______ Elizabeth

Dau

W

F

Mar 1850

50

S

PA

PA

PA

N

N

Y

______ Barbara

Dau

W

F

Sep 1854

45

S

PA

PA

PA

Dress Maker

0

Y

Y

Y

______ Daniel

Brother

W

M

Mar 1823

77

S

PA

PA

PA

Y

Y

Y

8.  John Dalby.  2003.  Minnesota Burials.  MyFamily.com, Inc., Provo, UT (online at Ancestry.com):

Township:	Ottawa	Ottawa
County:	Le Sueur	Le Sueur
Name:	John STRAUB	Nancy STRAUB
Birth Date:	21/Mar/1821	14/May/1827
Death Date:	09/Sep/1905	03/Aug/1871
Cemetery:	Mound	Mound
Comments:	Sp. Nancy. Children Sarah, Edward & Charles also buried in lot	Sp. John
Section:	C	C

There were no entries in the database giving dates for the children.

9.  Emails from Terry Straub, including:

I have a copy of Elizabeth Bay's estate settlement dated August 20, 1864 -- Daniel Straub acts as attorney on the document; payments are made to John and Nancy Straub...

10.  Terrence J. Straub.  Descendants of John Straub.  FamilyTreeMaker User Page.