— born in Wathena, Washington Twp., Doniphan Co., KS:
3.  Charles STRAUB, b. 1865/6 or 1867/8
4.  Louis STRAUB, b. 25 Feb 1869

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1860 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #54 of 235):  St. Joseph P.O., City of St. Joseph (First Ward), Buchanan Co., MO, Roll M653_609, p. 390, PN 118, 864/802, enumerated 25 Jul 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

E Straub	27	M		Grocer	5000		Ohio
C Straub	23	F					Germany
Geo  "	2	M					Mo
A Straub	19	F					N Y
Edward "	21	M		Black Smith			France
J      "	25	M		Laborer			"

"E" is Alexander; "C" is his wife, Catharine; "Geo" is their son, Edward George.  "A" is Alexander's presumed sister, Adelia, and "J" is Alexander's presumed brother, Joseph.  Edward is a known sibling of Adelia and Joseph.  In later censuses, Alexander gives his birthplace as France, which is correct.

3.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #11 of 63):  Wathena P.O., Washington Twp., Doniphan Co., KS, Roll M593_432, p. 146A, PN 11, enumerated 20 Jun 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

77	84	Stroub Joseph	32	M	W	Attends Grist mill	600	400	France
	85	"   Alex	37	M	W	Engineer	1600	300	"
		"   Catharine	32	F	W	Keeps House			Bavaria
		"   Edward	12	M	W	At Home			Mo
		"   Frank	9	M	W				"
		"   Charles	4	M	W				Kan
		"   Louis	1	M	W				"
		Seigle Caroline	21	F	W	Servant			Germany

4a.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #3 of 39 — indexed "..."):  Washington Twp., Doniphan Co., KS, Roll T9_379, p. 619B, PN 30, SD 3, ED 82, enumerated 14 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

9

10

11

13

21

24

25

26

279

286

Harvie John T

W

M

29

/

Farmer

Kentucky

Virginia

Kentucky

______ Caroline

W

F

69

Mother

/

Kentucky

Kentucky

Kentucky

Straub Alexander

W

M

48

/

France

France

France

______ Sarah M

W

F

46

/

Keeping House

Indiana

Ind

Ind

______ Edward

W

M

21

Son

/

Missouri

France

Baden

______ Frank

W

M

19

Son

/

Works on Farm

Missouri

France

Baden

______ Charles

W

M

12

Son

/

Works on Farm

/

Kansas

France

Baden

______ Louis

W

M

10

Son

/

/

Kansas

France

Baden

4b.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #32 of 39):  North Platte Pct., Lincoln Co., NE, Roll T9_752, p. 438D, PN 32, SD 2, ED 174, ___/547, enumerated 21 Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen).  This enumerator did not use any dwelling numbers.¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
2	3	4	5	6	9	13	22	23	24	25	26
547	Straub Edward	W	M	22	/	Laborer	/	/	Missouri	France	Germ'y

Edward seems to have gotten himself enumerated twice, once here and once with his parents; either that or it's a major coincidence.

5.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

6.  1900 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  can't find.

7.  Wilbur Fisk Stone, ed.  1918.  History of Colorado.  S. J. Clarke Publ. Co. (online in the Archives of the Denver County COGenWeb site).  Vol. II, pp. 45-46:

LOUIS STRAUB... was born in Wathena, Kansas, February 25, 1869, a son of Alexander and Katherine (Frein) Straub.  The father was an engineer and has now passed away.  In the family were four sons: E. G., Frank, Charles and Louis...