(Birth and Death dates said to be from his tombstone.)

A.  There seems to be a general consensus among secondary sources that our subject was the Philip STANG who arrived in Philadelphia on 30 Sep 1754 on the ship, Neptune.  However, I can see no way to differentiate him from the Johann Philip STANG who arrived in Philadelphia on 13 Aug 1750 on the ship, Edinburgh.  (Germans use their middle name as their call name, so the fact that one is Johann Philip and the other Philip is no obstacle.)  These two individuals may, in fact, be the same person because it was not that unusual for a man to make the crossing more than once to arrange for settling in the New World, and I'm inclined to believe that is the case here because we don't seem to find two Philip STANG's in PA.  If someone has further information on how or why the second Philip was designated our subject, please share.

B.  With regard to our subject's birthplace, even if he is the second Philip who came on the Neptune, we do not know where he was born beyond "Germany" (see comment below Source 2c).

1.  Marriage Record:

2a.  Israel Daniel Rupp.  1876.  A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French, and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania from 1727 to 1776...  Philadelphia, PA  (repub. 1931, Leipzig; repub. 1965ff by Genealogical Publ. Co., Baltimore, MD; in 2000 as Broderbund CD-267):

pp. 226-228

147) Aug. 13, P.M., 1750. Ship Edinburgh, James Russel, Master, from Rotterdam, last from Portsmouth.—314 Passengers. Johan Philip Stang...

2b.  William Henry Egle, ed.  1890.  Names of Foreigners Who Took the Oath of Allegiance to the Province and State of Pennsylvania, 1727-1775, with the Foreign Arrivals, 1786-1808.  Pennsylvania Archives, Vol. XVII, Second Series, Harrisburg, PA (reprinted 1967ff by Genealogical Publ Co., Baltimore, MD; in 2000 as Broderbund CD-512):

pp. 310-311

List of Foreigners Imported in the Ship Edinburgh, James Russell, Captain, from Rotterdam, last from Portsmouth. Qualified Aug. 13, 1750... Johan Philip Stang..

2c.  Ralph Beaver Strassburger (William John Hinke, ed.).  1934. Pennsylvania German Pioneers: a Publication of the Original Lists of Arrivals in the Port of Philadelphia from 1727 to 1808.  2 vols.  Norristown, PA (reprinted 1966ff by Genealogical Publ. Co., Baltimore, MD; Broderbund CD-267):

pp. 429-431	[List 148C] At the Court House at Philadelphia, 13 August, 1750. Present: Thomas Lawrence, Esquire, Mayor. The Foreigners whose Names are underwritten, imported in the Ship Edinburgh, Captn James Russel, Master, from Rotterdam, but last from Porthmouth in England, did this day take & subscribe the usual Qualifications. By List 151. 314 Whole Freights. 2 dead... Johan Philipp Stang...
pp. 620-622	[List 221A] List of Peoples Names on Board the Ship Neptune, Capt. Waire, from Rotterdam, arrived at Philad. Sept 30th 1754... Philip Stang... [Endorsed:] Foreigners imported in the Ship Neptune, Capt Waire, from Rotterdam. Qual. 30th Septr 1754 No. 142. Keppelee.
pp. 622-624	[List 221B] List of Foreigners imported in the Ship Neptune, Capt. Waire, from Rotterdam. Qual. 30th Septr 1754... Philip (+) Stang... [Endorsed:] Foreigners imported in the Ship Neptune, Capt. Waire, from Rotterdam. Qual. 30th Septr 1754. No. 142. Keppelee.
pp. 624-626	[List 221C] At the State House at Philadelphia, Monday, the 30th Sept. 1754. P.M. Present: The Worshipful Charles Willing, Esquire, Mayor. The Foreigners whose Names are underwritten, Imported in the Ship Neptune, Captain Waire, from Rotterdam and last from Cowes, did this day take the usual Oaths & Declarations. 142 Qualified. 260 Freights. 400 Souls, Palatinate, Darmstad, Zweybrecht. 4 Roman Catholicks... Philip (+) Long...

Some appear to have misread the origin of the passengers on the Neptune to mean that our subject was born in "Darmstad, Zweybrecht."  There's no such place.  The manifest should be read that the passengers were from the Palatinate, from Darmstadt (in Hesse), and from Zweybrecht (a.k.a., Zweibrüchen, a former Duchy in Saarland) — three different places — and there is no way to tell which passenger is from which place, so we don't know where our subject was born, beyond "Germany."  If anyone has a different interpretation or additional records, please don't hesitate to correct me.

3a.  Indian Creek Reformed Church, Franconia Township, [then Philadelphia, now] Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.  Lineages, Inc., Provo, UT (online at Ancestry.com):

Name:	John Jacob Stang	John Philip Stang	John Stang	Elizabeth Stang	Frederick Stang	Henry Stang
Event:	Baptism	Baptism	Birth	Birth/Baptism	Baptism	Communion
Date of Event:	8 Feb 1756	29 May 1757	4 Jul 1761	12 Nov 1763	[no date]	1779
Father:	Philip Stang	Philip Stang	Philip Stang	Philip Stang	Philip Stang
Mother:	Mrs. Philip Stang	Mrs. Philip Stang			Mrs. Philip Stang
Sponsor:	John Jacob Leyte		Paul Seller	Paul Seller
Sponsor:	Mrs. John Jacob Leyte		Mrs. Paul Seller	Mrs. Paul Seller

3b.  John T. Humphrey.  1991-1998.  Pennsylvania Births.  14 vols.  Self-published, Washington, DC (Broderbund Family Archives: Birth Index: Southeastern PA, 1680-1800, CD-196):

Child	John Jacob Stang	John Philip Stang	John Stang	Elisabeth Stang	Frederick Stang	Christian Stang	Susanna Stang
Event	Baptism	Baptism	Birth/Baptism	Baptism	Birth/Baptism	Baptism	Birth/Baptism
Event Date	8 Feb 1756	29 May 1757	4 Jul 1761	12 Nov 1763	Abt 1769	23 Aug 1772	Abt 1778
Location	Indian Creek Reformed Church					Wentz's Reformed Church
Township	Franconia					Worcester
County	Montgomery					Montgomery
State	Pennsylvania					Pennsylvania
Father	Philip Stang					Philipp Stang	Philip Stang
Mother	Mrs. ??? Stang					Mrs. Barbara Stang	Mrs. ??? Stang

4.  Family Data Collection (online at Ancestry.com):-

Name:	Philip Stong	Catherine Stong	Hannah Stong	Susannah Stong
Birth Date:	2 May 1757	1768	23 January 1775	1778
Birth Place:	Montgomery, Worchester (sic) Twp, PA	Montgomery, Worchester (sic) Twp, PA	Montgomery, Worchester (sic) Twp, PA	Montgomery, Worchester (sic) Twp, PA
Death Date:	25 February 1830		16 July 1858	1842
Death Place:	Worchester (sic) Twp, Montgomery, PA		PA
Father:	Philip Stang	Philip Stang	Philip Stang	Philip Stang
Mother:	Barbara	Barbara	Barbara	Barbara
Spouse:	Barbara Wentz	George Kalb	John Johnson	Edward Johnson
Marriage Date:	1782			1798

These are patron submissions, so caveat emptor.

5.  1790 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #17 of 24 — list was roughly alphabetized in repeated series, so each series must have been one enumerator's list, therefore proximity on the list does correlate to closer proximity than just being in the same county; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):•

1790

PA

Montgomery Co.

Roll M637_9

p. 33/35/164

Ln. 6

Philip Stong

4-0-5-0-0

These data indicate:

Gender and Type	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
4 free white males	16 or over	in or bef. 1774	= Philip (b. 1726) = = =
5 free white females	all ages	in or bef. 1790	= Barbara (b. 1735) =  = Hannah (b. 1775) = Maria Barbara (b. ca. 1776) = Susanna (b. 1778)

Listed next to son, Philip STONG, Jr.

6.  1800 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #2 of 4; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):•

1800

PA

Montgomery Co.

Worcester

Roll 41

p. 112

Ln. 13

Stong Philip

00011-00001-00

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	26-44	1755-1774	=
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Philip (b. 1726)
1 female	45 or over	in or bef. 1755	= Barbara (b. 1735)

Listed three lines above son, Philip STONG, Jr.

7.  1810 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #3 of 4 — list was roughly alphabetized; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):•

1810

PA

Montgomery Co.

Worcester Twp.

Roll 52

p. 1270

Ln. 12

Fredk Stong

20011-20010-00

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 males	9 or under	1800-1810	= Philip (b. 1803)
1 male	26-44	1765-1784	= Frederick (b. ca. 1769)
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1765	= Philip Sr (b. 1726)
2 females	9 or under	1800-1810	= =
1 female	26-44	1765-1784	= Hannah

Our widowed subject is not found as head-of-household; it appears he's living with his son, Frederick.  Listed one line below our subject's son, Philip STONG, Jr. 

8.  Ellwood Roberts.  1911.  Abstracts of Montgomery Co., PA, Wills & Administrations, 1784-1823.  Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (Broderbund CD-209):

Abstracts of Philadelphia Co. Wills, 1748-1763, Will Abstracts... DIEHL, CHRISTIAN.  Covantry, Co. of Chester, Penna.  Cordwainer. June 22, 1759.  April 11, 1760.  L.420. Wife:  Mary Dorothea.  Children:  Christian and Margareth Elizabeth.  Exec:  Christian Diehl and Mary Dorothea Diehl. Witnesses:  Michael Syfer, Philip Stong (his mark), Peter Tasher.

Abstracts of Philadelphia Co. Wills, 1748-1763, Will Abstracts... HOFFMAN, JACOB.  Lower Salford, Co. of Philadelphia.  Yeoman. April 7, 1760.  May 20, 1760.  L.456. Wife:  Barbara. Children:  Henry, Jacob, Frederick, Fronica, Anna Barbara, Elizabeth, Catherine, Susannah and Christina. Sons-in-Law:  Michael Yew, Philip Stong. Exec:  Barbara Hoffman, Michael Yew, Philip Stong. Witnesses:  Henry Woohrman, Abraham Heiderich.

Abstracts of Montgomery Co., PA, Wills & Admins., 1784-1823, Will Abstracts... STONG, PHILIP. Worcester. December 12, 1802. December 3, 1813. 3.543 To wife Barbara, income of 300 pds. rem. and maintenance, household goods, etc. To son Philip Stong, tract of 26 acres also 5 acres woodland. To son Frederick, home farm, 132 acres subject to the payment of legacies. To sons: Jacob, Philip, Henry, Conrad, and Frederick, 100 pds. each, amount already received to be deducted. To 5 daughters, 150 pds. each. Rem. of estate divided among 11 children. Codicil dated May 31, 1807. Share of daughter Susanna Johnson in the hands of executors in trust, after her death to her children. Execs: Sons Philip, Conrad and Frederick. Wit: Frederick, Conrad, John Hamsher, and Abraham Weber.

Why is son Johannes/John not mentioned?  Son Christian died in 1795, so to total eleven living children, we need to add another child.  Or did he say "11" because he'd had 11 children total, even though one was dead?

9.  Family Pedigrees: Everton's Computerized Family File. Vols. 2 & 3.  Everton Publ., Inc. (Broderbund CD-13):  Sheet #28913.  The birthplace given for Philip (viz., "Darkstad, Zweybrecht, Germany") cannot be correct and appears to be a misunderstanding of the locations given in the ship's manifest (see Source 2c above).

10.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  AF - Ancestral File (online at FamilySearch.org).

11.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).