1.  Andrew Straub RHOADS, b. 14 May 1808
2.  (Daughter A) RHOADS, b. 1804-1810
3.  Anna RHOADS, b. 1810/11
4.  Esther RHOADS, b. 1814/15
5.  Mary RHOADS, b. 1817-20
6.  Rachel RHOADS, b. 1822/3 — not found in 1830/40
7.  Charles RHOADS, b. 1827/8
8.  Rebecca RHOADS, b. 1834/5 — not found in 1840
9.  Elizabeth RHOADS, b. 1834/5

Said to have also had a son, Joseph, b. 1819, but no son that age appears with our subjects in any census.  There is a Joseph RHOADS, æ 41, in the 1860 census of Milton, but how do we connect him to these parents?

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1810 (Broderbund CD-313):  can't find.

3.  1820 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #3 of 6; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1820

PA

Northumberland Co.

Borough of Milton

p. 35

Ln. 31

Rhoads Joseph

010410-31010-0-050

0000-0010

These data indicate:

No., Race, Gender	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 white male	10-15	1804-1810	= Andrew (b. 1808)
4 white males	19-25*	1794-1801	= ? ? ? ?
1 white male	26-44	1775-1794	= Joseph (b. 1785)
3 white females	9 or under	1810-1820	= Mary (b. 1817-20) = Esther (b. 1814/5) = Anna (b. 1810/1)
1 white female	10-15	1804-1810	= Daughter A
1 white female	26-44	1775-1794	= Susanna (b. 1789)
5	people engaged in commerce
1 free colored female	26-44	1775-1794	= ?
*In the 1820 Census, the third column is age class 16-18 and the fourth column is age class 16-25; therefore, any individual in column three is duplicated in column four.  By subtracting the number in column three from the number in column four, you can create an age class "19-25."

4.  1830 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #11 of 16; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1830

PA

Northumberland Co.

Borough of Milton

p. 142

Ln. 19

Jos. Rhoads

100 020 100 - 002 110 100

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	4 or under	1825-1830	= Charles (b. 1827/8)
2 males	20-29	1800-1810	= Andrew (b. 1808) = ?
1 male	40-49	1780-1790	= Joseph (b. 1785)
2 females	10-14	1815-1820	= Mary (b. 1817-20) = Esther (b. 1814/5)
1 female	15-19	1810-1815	= Anna (b. 1810/1)
1 female	20-29	1800-1810	= Daughter A
1 female	40-49	1780-1790	= Susanna (b. 1789)

Listed three lines from Harriet MARKLE.

5.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #16 of 18; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

1840

PA

Northumberland Co.

Milton Borough

p. 145B

Ln. 2

Joseph Rhoads

001 001 020 - 010 020 010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	10-14	1825-1830	= Charles (b. 1827/8)
1 male	30-39	1800-1810	= Andrew (b. 1808)
2 males	50-59	1780-1790	= Joseph (b. 1785) = ?
1 female	5-9	1830-1835	= Elizabeth (b. 1834/5)
2 female	20-29	1810-1820	= Mary (b. 1817-20) = Esther (b. 1815)
1 female	50-59	1780-1790	= Susanna (b. 1789)
1	person engaged in agriculture

6.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #15 of 41):  Borough of Milton, Northumberland Co., PA, p. 61B/140, 106/108, enumerated 26 Aug 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

Joseph Rhoads	63	M		machinist	3000	Pa
Mary	30	F				Pa
Rachel	27	F				Pa
Charles Rhoads	22	M		Physician		Pa
Elizabeth	15	F				Pa
Joseph R. Robison	16	M				Pa

7.  1860 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #416 of 744):  Milton P.O., Milton Borough, Northumberland Co., PA, p. 415, PN 234, 1698/1688, enumerated 15 Aug 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):

Joseph Rhodes	74	M		Machinist	6000	1000	Pa
Elisabeth "	23	F					"
Rebecca   "	25	F					"
Mary Fulton	42	F					"
Joseph R "	5	M					"
Anna Rhodes	49	F					"
Mary   "	42	F					"
Esther "	45	F					"

I would have pegged Mary FULTON as Joseph's widowed daughter, but Mary seems to show up unmarried.  How did Joseph end up with so many unmarried daughters?

8.  Anon.  1911.  Genealogical & Biographical Annals of Northumberland County.  J.L. Floyd & Co., Chicago. Biographical sketches of Jacob STRAUB and his kin. 

9.  Information found by Frank Stroup at the Pennsylvania Historical Society in two folders of unpublished notes entitled Helen Gearhart Collection.  These notes were entirely undocumented, so caveat emptor; yet, they contain much valuable information, if true, so are worth consulting. See the Archives of the STRAUB-L Mailing List (online at RootsWeb.com) and search on "Gearhart."

10.  WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).