Marriage:  aft. 1800
Wife-1:  Bathsheba MOXLEY
Birth:  15 May 1788, Loudoun Co., VA
Death said to be:  22 Mar 1870, Franklin Co., KY
Father:  Samuel MOXLEY
Mother:  Agnes COX

I don't see how Bathsheba's death year can be correct, unless she and Thomas divorced, and that seems unlikely as Thomas shows up alone with the children in the 1810 Census.  I would guess 1870 is a typo for 1807, but she had a child in 1808/9 — assuming Owen's age in the 1850 Census is correct.

If they did have a daughter, Elizabeth, she died before 1810 because she doesn't show up in either the 1810 or 1820 censuses.

Some sources show them with a son, Thomas J. LONG, the one who married Narcissa EDGAR, but that Thomas LONG is not the one living with Lucy in the 1850 Census.  Other sources give the parents of Thomas Jefferson LONG, husband of Narcissa EDGAR, as William LONG and Mary PATTON, and that certainly makes more sense.  William LONG is an immigrant from England, so those LONGs have no relationship to our subjects.

1. Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  Kentucky Marriages:  Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-229):

Long, Thomas S.	Long, Lucy	Aug 15, 1812	Christian Co.
Long, Thomas J.	Edgar, Narcissa	Dec  1, 1831	Christian Co.
Long, Thomas W.	Mccarroll, Eliza	Oct  2, 1849	Christian Co.

2.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1810 (Broderbund CD-313).  Please see my WARNING regarding use of this database (the numerical data have the genders switched). 

1810

Long, Thomas S.

KY

Logan Co.

p. 181

00000-2001000

These data should read:

20010-00000-00

which indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
2 males	9 or under	1800-1810	= Owen (b. 1808/9) = Son A
1 male	26-44	1765-1784	= Thomas (b. 1774)

There should be a son and a daughter.  Or were there two sons, and the daughter is dead?  Or did the census-taker make a mistake?

3a.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1820 (Broderbund CD-314):

1820

Long, Thomas

KY

Christian Co.

p. 27

3b.  Christian County Genealogical Society (Hopkinsville, KY).  1995.  Christian County, KY, Census Records, 1820-1830-1840.  Simmons Historical Publ., Melber, KY.  On p. 2 (of the book, not the census):

1820

Long

Thomas

121011-20010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	9 or under	1810-1820	= Americus (b. 1813/4)
2 males	10-15	1804-1810	= Owen (b. 1808/9) = Gabriel (b. 1808/9) = John S. (b. 1806-10)
1 male	16-18	1801-1804	= Son A
1 male	26-44	1775-1794	= ?
1 male	45 or over	in or bef. 1775	= Thomas (b. 1774)
2 females	9 or under	1810-1820	= Susan (b. 1819/20) = Nancy (b. 1811)
1 female	26-44	1775-1794	= Lucinda (b. 1784/5)

The unknown male age 26-44 was not in the household in 1810, so he could not be Thomas's son, in addition to the fact that he's too old to be Thomas's son.  There are some other problems with this household, namely, that there are not enough children to account for all of ones they each had in their former marriage, plus the ones they had together, unless the census-taker just tallied the older boys in the wrong columns, which is entirely possible.  They are living three doors down from Widow Catherine STUBBLEFIELD.

4a.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1830 (Broderbund CD-315):

1830

Long, Lucinda

KY

Christian Co.

Hopkinsville

p. 6

4b.  Christian County Genealogical Society (Hopkinsville, KY).  1995.  Christian County, KY, Census Records, 1820-1830-1840.  Simmons Historical Publ., Melber, KY.  On p. 27 (of the book, not the census):

1830

Long

Lucinda

100 100 000 - 021 000 100

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	4 or under	1825-1830	= Thomas (b. 1825/6)
1 male	15-19	1810-1815	= Americus (b. 1813/4)
2 females	5-9	1820-1825	= Lucinda = Ellen (b. 1820/1)
1 female	10-14	1815-1820	= Susan (b. 1819/20)
1 female	40-49	1780-1790	= Lucinda (b. 1784/5)

Living next door to lone bachelor, John S. LONG (b. 1806-1810), whom I'm assuming is the "extra" son in the earlier censuses.  And John is living next door to William W. THOMPSON, Lucinda's son-in-law.

5a.  Census Index:  U.S. Selected Counties, 1840 (Broderbund CD-316):

1840

Long, Lucy

KY

Christian Co.

Hopkinsville

p. 187

5b.  Christian County Genealogical Society (Hopkinsville, KY).  1995.  Christian County, KY, Census Records, 1820-1830-1840.  Simmons Historical Publ., Melber, KY.  On p. 56 (of the book, not the census):

1840

Long

Lucy

001 020 000 - 000 200 010

These data indicate:

No. & Sex	Age Class	Therefore Born	Individuals Inferred
1 male	10-14	1825-1830	= Thomas (b. 1825/6)
2 males	20-29	1810-1820	= Neville HOPSON = Americus (b. 1813/4)
2 females	15-19	1820-1825	= Lucinda = Ellen (b. 1820/1)
1 female	50-59	1780-1790	= Lucinda (b. 1784/5)

Daughter Ellen was married to Neville HOPSON in 1838.  Neville is not found as head-of-household in 1840, and it appears they are living with Lucinda.

6a.  1850 Census Index/Microfilm (online at GenealogyLibrary.com):  District No. 1, Christian Co., KY, p. 488, 815/876, enumerated 5 Oct 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen — this record very difficult to read).

Lucy Long	65	F		Va
Thos W Long	24	M	Farmer	Ky
Eliza K? Long	20	F		Ky

Eliza is Thomas's wife.

6b.  1850 Census Index/Microfilm (online at GenealogyLibrary.com):  District 1, Christian Co., KY, p. 488, 823/886, enumerated 9 Oct 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen — this record was very difficult to read):

Gabriel B. Long	41	M	Farmer		Ky
Martha E. Long	34	F			Ky
[five children of Gabriel & Martha]
America V Long	36	M	Farmer		Ky

Americus LONG, who never married, is half-brother of Gabriel Brown LONG. 

7.  Messages in the Long Family Genealogy Forum (online at GenForum).

8.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service: IGI - International Genealogical Index and AF - Ancestral File (online at FamilySearch.org).