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Lineage and Results of Y-chromosome DNA Testing for Thomas THOMPSON (1797-1872)
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Red labels indicate markers that typically mutate more frequently than those labeled in black. Marker 464 mutates most rapidly of all.
Haplogroup I1*-AngloSaxon-1
Surname Kit # Ysearch
Code
SNP
Test		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67 SMGF Markers
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5		 4
6
1		 4
6
2		 A10
|
G
A
T
A		 C4
|
6
3
5		 B
0
7		 4
4
1		 4
4
5		 4
5
2
4
6
3
I1-AngloSaxon-1 Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 13 11 14 12 12 11 27 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 26 12 14 15 15 11  9 19 21 15 15         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9  9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 12 12 13 21 11 16 11 31 21 Per Nordtvedt.
                   
THOMPSON 122567 MCPYG Deep 13 22 14 10 13 13 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 15 15 15 11  9 19 21 17 15 16 19 35 38 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9  9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 15 8 13 26 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 12 12 13 23 11 16 11 31 21 Pvt6, Vernon Eugene5, Milton Cicero4, John Alexander Campbell3, Thomas2, Peter1
Ken Nordtvedt, expert on Haplogroup I, has examined our subject's haplotype and has determined that these results most resemble his AngloSaxon-1 variety of subclade I1.  I1-AS1 is the most common variety of Haplogroup I and can be considered basal for the other AngloSaxon varieties (see chart).  Geographically, I1-AS1 is widespread in northwestern Europe, but is especially concentrated in the Netherlands and Belgium.  Haplogroup I1 is sometimes called the "Viking" haplotype because it is the most common haplogroup in Scandanavia.  This result is certainly consistant with the view that Peter THOMPSON was a Dane.
We do not have a genealogically significant DNA match, either in the FTDNA database or the Ysearch database.  While our subject has several dozen full matches at 12 markers and a few near matches at 25 markers, he has no full matches at 25 markers and not even near matches at 37 or 67 markers.  His nearest THOMPSON match at SMGF is only 29/37 (in other surnames, 32/37).  He does have two 11/12 matches in the FTDNA database surnamed THOMPSON.  One has not responded to my emails, but the other has.  He is awaiting the results of Markers 13-67 — we shall see.  Still, as it stands, our subject's haplotype remains unique, so we have not yet broken through our THOMPSON "brick wall." 
We are now seeking a second patrilineal descendant of Thomas THOMPSON for DNA testing, to rule out any possibility that this one has an NPE, a "non-paternal event" (i.e., a hidden adoption or illicit paternity) in his patrilineal line.  If you are such a descendant or know of one, please contact me.
Our subject has been deep SNP tested with these results:
M253+ P30+ M21- M227- P109- P259- 
The positive SNP test results prove he is I1, not I2.  The negative results for M21, M227, P109, and P259 rule out any known subclade of I1.  I1 is the largest subclade of I and the second most common haplogroup in western Europe (after R1b).  The search is ongoing for SNPs to divide this large subclade, but so far, most individuals turn out to be I1*, that is, root/ancestral I1, not one of the subclades.
     
What constitutes a match?
Matches in other surnames are usually mere coincidence, so please ignore them — I'll let you know when you shouldn't!
For 12 markers:  9 or less is a non-relative; 10-12, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 25 markers:  21 or less is a non-relative; 22-25, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 37 markers:  31 or less is a non-relative; 32-37, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 67 markers:  55 or less is a non-relative; 56-67, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For any test:  0 matching markers, please contact NASA.

The Y-DNA haplotree underwent a major revision in 2008.  For Haplogroup I, the major change is the removal of old I1, which had been based on the P38 SNP, which means all downstream clades have been "bumped up" a notch.  What that means for everyone who was formerly I1a is that now they are simply I1.  This change has been adopted by FTDNA, ISOGG, and Nordvedt — and by me here on these web pages (as of May 2008).
FTDNA Chart (2004) Nordtvedt Chart (2006) Nordtvedt Chart (2008) FTDNA / ISOGG Chart (2008)
Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs
I P19 M170 M258 I P19 M170 M258  I P19 P38 M170 M258  I P19 P38 M170 M258 P212 U179
I1 all of I and P38 I1 all of I and P38
I1a all of I1 and
P30 M253 M307		 I1a all of I1 and
P30 P40 M253 M307		 I1 all of I and
P30 P40 M253 M307
S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S109 S110 S111		 I1 all of I and
P30 P40 M253 M307 M450/S109
S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S110 S111
I1a1 all of I1a and P40
I1a4 all of I1a and M227 I1a1 all of I1a and M227 I1a all of I1 and M227 I1a all of I1 and M21
I1a3 all of I1a and M72 I1a3 all of I1a and M72 I1a1 all of I1a and M72 I1b all of I1 and M227
I1a2 all of I1a and M21 I1a2 all of I1a and M21 I1b all of I1 and M21 I1b1 all of I1b and M72
  I1c all of I1 and P109
I1d all of I1 and P259
I1b all of I1 and S31 I1b all of I1 and S31 I2 all of I and S31 I2 all of I and P215
• Because everyone who has tested positive for P19, M170, and M258 has also test positive for P38, P38 turns out to be a redundant test for I.  Therefore, the former I1 (defined by P38+) is not a separate subclade of I, but is still root I.  Unless and until someone who is positive for P19, M170, and M258 also tests negative for P38, there is no rationale for erecting a separate subclade for P38+.  Removing the subclade defined by P38+ affects the designation of all downstream subclades by bumping them up a notch.
• Because everyone who has tested positive for P30, M253, and M307 and negative for M227, M21, and M72 has also tested positive for P40, P40 turns out to be a redundant test for I1.  Therefore, the former I1a1 (defined by P40+) is not a separate subclade of I1, but is still root I1.  Unless and until someone who is positive for M21, M72, or M227 also tests negative for P40, there is no rationale for erecting a separate subclade for P40+.  Removing the subclade defned by P40+ affected the designation of only one downstream subclade. •It appears that root I is extinct because everyone so far tested is either I1 or I2.
•It turns out that no one who is positive for M72 is negative for M227, so M72 becomes a subclade, not a sisterclade, of M227. Both of these subclades are rare.
•M21 appears to be a singleton (i.e., only one person ever tested has the mutation).
•Research is ongoing, but it appears P109 will serve to spin off a small subclade of I1-Norse.
•The usefulness of P259 is still under investigation.
Bottom line:  despite continued effort, most of I1 is still a single large subclade lacking useful SNPs to subdivide it.
 
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