| Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype — WAMH
/ SWAMH |
| R1b is the most common haplogroup in western Europe, so it is not surprising
that it is a common haplogroup in the project. It is the group believed
to have re-populated Europe from an Iberian refugium when the last glacial
ice sheet retreated about 10-12,000 years ago. Of the many haplotypes
represented within R1b, the most common 12-marker haplotype is called the
"Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype";
when extended across all markers, it has been called the "Super
Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype." In the results tables below, the
R1b modal haplotype is highlighted in cyan and is used as an arbitrary
standard against which to compare our R1b members. Because the most
common subclade of R1b is R1b1b2 (old R1b1c), the modal values for R1b
are also those of R1b1b2. The modal value for each marker is taken
independently. No one individual is modal for all values, so no one
actually has this entire haplotype. FTDNA members whose 12-marker
haplotype matches one of the four most common 12-marker R1b haplotypes
will find they have a WAMH logo on their member page. We have
five such members in Danish Demes. |
| Of our nineteen R1b members, test results show none is closely related
to any of the others, except (not surprisingly) for the LORENZEN father
and son, the VICK father and son, and the two MATTHIESEN half-brothers.
We have one individual who, with just 12 markers tested, is a match with
the WAMH and with two other members. However, at 25 markers or above,
the other two do not match each other (or anyone else). Unless this
individual upgrades to more markers, we've no way to know if he would match
either of the other two.
With regard to grouping our R1b members, the problem is that all of
the R1b's are R1b1b2, and only five members have been deep SNP tested proving
their R1b subclade. The search for additional SNPs to further divide
R1b1b2 is ongoing in the pursuit of being able to further subdivide this
large group. I would urge all our R1b members to be deep SNP tested
and to take additional tests as new SNPs are discovered. In the interim,
all I can do is divide test subjects into these groupings:
(n = number of individuals / number of lineages)
[The reason there are both R1b1b2's and R1b1b2g's who
are WAMH is that, if SNP tested, the R1b1b2's would turn out to be R1b1b2g.]
|
| Several new SNPs, currently with temporary labels because they remain
unpublished, are being offered by testing companies, including FTDNA.
As FTDNA has not altered their haplotree to include them, I have continued
to show (below) the current FTDNA haplotree. As soon as the placement
of these new SNP is determined, I will update the chart. |
Haplogroup R1b Subclades
as Defined by SNP Mutations
| Mutations |
FTDNA Subclade |
Remarks |
| M207/UTY2 M306/S1 P224 P227 P229 P232
P280 P285 S4 S8 S9 |
R |
Eurasia |
| __ |
M173/P241 P225 P231 P233 P234 P236 P238 P242
P286 P294 |
R1 |
Eurasia |
| __ |
-SRY10831.2/-SRY1532.2 [back
mutation] |
R1a |
Eurasian Steppe, Eastern Europe |
| __ |
M17 M198 |
R1a1 |
|
| __ |
M56 |
R1a1a |
|
| M157 |
R1a1b |
|
| M64.2 M87 M204 |
R1a1c |
|
| P98 |
R1a1d |
|
| PK5 |
R1a1e |
|
| M343 |
R1b |
SW Asia, Europe, especially western Europe |
| __ |
P25 |
R1b1 |
|
| __ |
M18 |
R1b1a |
Sardinia |
| P297 |
R1b1b |
|
| __ |
M73 |
R1b1b1 (old R1b1b) |
central Asia |
| M269 S3 S10 S13 S17 |
R1b1b2 (old
R1b1c) |
Europe, predominantly western |
| __ |
M37 |
R1b1b2a (old R1b1c1) |
European Australians |
| M65 |
R1b1b2b (old R1b1c2) |
Basque |
| M153 |
R1b1b2c (old R1b1c4) |
Spanish; New World Latinos |
| SRY2627 / M167 |
R1b1b2d (old R1b1c6) |
Iberia; SW England and Ireland |
| M222 / USP9Y+3636 |
R1b1b2e (old R1b1c7) |
NW Ireland; W Scotland; "Niall" |
| P66 |
R1b1b2f (old R1b1c8) |
Italy |
| U106 / S21 / M405 |
R1b1b2g (old
R1b1c9) |
25% of western European males —
found in Norway, Italy, Germany, Scotland, England,
Ireland, Wales; includes the "Frisian" group
(40% of men in northern Holland are S21+) |
| __ |
U198 / S29 / M467 |
R1b1b2g1 (old R1b1c9b) |
null439; concentrated in England —
also found in Spain, Norway, southern Germany |
| P107 |
R1b1b2g2 |
confined to England (pre-Anglo-Saxon) |
| U152 / S28 |
R1b1b2h (old
R1b1c10) |
10% of western European males —
found in Greece, Italy, Switzerland, Germany,
France, Poland, Norway, Netherlands, Scotland,
England, Wales |
| __ |
M126 |
R1b1b2h1 (old R1b1c3) |
European |
| M160 |
R1b1b2h2 (old R1b1c5) |
European |
| S68 |
R1b1b2i (old R1b1c11) |
<5% of R1b's — found in Sweden
and Scotland
currently tested only by EthnoAncestry |
| M335 |
R1b1c (old R1b1d) |
|
| M124 P249 P267 |
R2 |
Asia, especially central and southern (India) |
|
|