Hg L: Lineages and Results of Y-DNA Testing for Surname CARRICO (and Variations)

Lineages and Results of Y-chromosome DNA Testing for Surname CARRICO
and Similar Surnames, such as, CARRIÇO, CARRICOE, CURRICOE, CARICO, CARUCHO, CARACO, CARAÇO, CARRACO, CARACHO, KARAHO, CARASSO, CARAÇOS, CARICCO, etc.
Haplogroup L

Results Hub	Y-DNA Haplogroups Represented in the Project		Project Home
	J2 (n = 7)	L (n = 2)

Haplogroup L descends from Haplogroup K and is believed to have first appeared about 30,000 years ago. Because it is most common in southern and western Indian, Haplogroup L is sometimes called the "Indian Clan," alhough it is also found across central and southwestern Asia and thinly across southern Europe. Marco Cagetti has an informative web site on Haplogroup L; and, of course, there is the Haplogroup L DNA Project run by Gareth Henson. Haplogroup L is divided into three main subclades: L1, L2, and L3.

L1 is the common subclade in India, while L3 has its highest concentration in Pakistan. L2 is the predominant subclade for European Haplogroup L, although it is rare at only 1-3% of the population. L2a is a subclade sometimes called "Mediterranean" because it occurs in southern Europe, from Portugal to Turkey, in the countries bordering the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Our two subjects, who have an origin in Turkey, have been SNP tested proving they are Haplogroup L2, and based on their haplotype, they have been deduced to be Haplogroup L2a.

Haplogroup L Subclades as Defined by SNP Mutations

The SNP chart below is based on the ISOGG (International Society of Genetic Genealogy) Haplogroup L SNP chart. FTDNA does not currently do deep SNP testing for haplogroup L, but the key tests (shown in boldface in the table) can be purchased at EthnoAncestry.

Mutations			Clades	Main Region
M20, M11, M22, M61, M185, M295			`L`
-	M76, M27		`L1`	India, Sri Lanka
	M317		`L2`	southern Europe, Anatolia
	-	M349	L2a	Mediterranean: Portugal to Turkey
	-	M274	`L2b`
	M357		`L3`	Pakistani: Burusho and Pashtuns
	-	PK3	`L3a`	Pakistani: Kalash

Please note that in the most recent release of the ISOGG haplotree (4 May 2008),
subclades L2a and L2b switched places.
(As we do not yet know which mutation occurred first, M349 or M274, the order of their placement in the hierarchy is entirely arbitrary.)

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Red labels indicate markers that typically mutate more frequently than those labeled in black. Marker 464 mutates most rapidly of all and sometimes has five to seven counts (a-g), not just four (a-d).
(Empty cells that are darkened indicate tests not ordered.)

Haplogroup L2a

Surname

Kit #

Ysearch
UserID

SNP
Test

Haplotype — as determined by STR testing

Known Lineage

Markers 1-12

Markers 13-25

Markers 26-37

Markers 38-67

3
9
3

3
9
0

19
/
3
9
4

3
9
1

a
|
3
8
5

b
|
3
8
5

4
2
6

3
8
8

4
3
9

i
|
3
8
9

3
9
2

ii
|
3
8
9

4
5
8

a
|
4
5
9

b
|
4
5
9

4
5
5

4
5
4

4
4
7

4
3
7

4
4
8

4
4
9

a
|
4
6
4

b
|
4
6
4

c
|
4
6
4

d
|
4
6
4

4
6
0

H4
|
G
A
T
A

IIa
|
Y
C
A

IIb
|
Y
C
A

4
5
6

6
0
7

5
7
6

5
7
0

a
|
C
D
Y

b
|
C
D
Y

4
4
2

4
3
8

5
3
1

5
7
8

a
|
S1
3
9
5

b
|
S1
3
9
5

5
9
0

5
3
7

6
4
1

4
7
2

S1
4
0
6

5
1
1

4
2
5

a
|
4
1
3

b
|
4
1
3

5
5
7

5
9
4

4
3
6

4
9
0

5
3
4

4
5
0

4
4
4

4
8
1

5
2
0

4
4
6

6
1
7

5
6
8

4
8
7

5
7
2

6
4
0

4
9
2

5
6
5

Haplogroup L2a modals

Compiled by DGM from Hap-L project (n=17 at 12; n=9 at 37; n=7 at 67) as of 1 Jun 2008

Anatolian L2 individual

PSU3S

Haplotype #318 (Cinnioglu 2003:141), subject of eastern Turkey

CARACO

94500

ZVXAK

Pvt⁴, Pvt³, Eliezer², Albert¹ — of Bursa, Turkey [subject lives in the U.S.]

CARACO

119235

F3NKY

M20+

Pvt⁵, Pvt⁴, Samuel³, Moïse², Joseph¹ — of Bursa, Turkey [subject lives in France]

These individuals have a rare haplotype with no matches in the FTDNA or Ysearch databases closer than 10/12. They have only a 6/9 or 8/9 match with the single L2 individual from Cinnioglu's 2003 paper on Anatolian haplogroups (see References at right) — this individual is UserID PSU3S in the Ysearch database. Based on their haplotype, their haplogroup is deduced to be L2a (thank you, Gareth Henson, for the determination).

#94500 is a practicing Sephardic Jew, and he is one of only two Haplogroup L individuals to join the Sephardic Anusim DNA Project (as of 5/08). Hirschman & Panther-Yates (see link under References, to the right) mention not one L2 in their paper on Sephardic haplogroups.

#119235 has received a gratis backbone SNP test from FTDNA. The result of M20+ confirms that he is Haplogroup L.

References:

Cengiz Cinnioglu, et al. 2003. "Excavating Y-chromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia." Human Genetics 114: 127-148 (online at the web site of the Human Population Genetics Laboratory, Stanford University; n.b., the value for DYS389ii was converted to FTDNA standards using the Ysearch conversion chart).

Elizabeth Caldwell Hirschman & Donald Panther-Yates. Toward a Sephardic Haplogroup Profile in the New World. (unpublished Word doc online at DNA-Consultants)

What constitutes a match?
Matches in other surnames are usually mere coincidence, so please ignore them — I'll let you know when you shouldn't!
For 12 markers: 8 or less is a non-relative; 9-10 means only a small chance of a relationship; 11-12 means a possible relationship.
For 25 markers: 20 or less is a non-relative; 21-22 means only a small chance of a relationship; 23-25 means a possible relationship.
For 37 markers: 30 or less is a non-relative; 31-37, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 67 markers: 55 or less is a non-relative; 58-67, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For any test: 0 matching markers, please contact NASA.

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