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John STROUP
Ms. __?__
Catharine FAUST
Elizabeth __?__
WARNING:  this family group sheet is tentative.  Some of the children may be John's nieces and nephews, not his children, in which case they may be the children of John's brother, Anthony STROUP.  There are some anomalies of time and place that need to be resolved.
Husband:  John STROUP
Birth:  1787, Washington Co., MD
Occupation:  miller
Father:  Joseph STROUP
Mother:  Catharine LILLY
Marriage-1:  ca. 1810
Wife-1:  Ms. __?__
Marriage-2:  ca. 1813
Wife-2:  Catharine "Kate" FAUST / FOUST
Birth:  6 Jan 1796, Berks Co., PA
Death:  by 1840, Highland Co., OH
Father:  Jacob FAUST
Mother:  Maria Catharina LEIDY/LEIBY
Marriage-3:  by 1840
Wife-3:  Elizabeth __?__
Birth:  1810/1, OH
Child with Wife-1 — born in PA:
Daniel STROUP, b. 21 Feb 1812

Catharine is too young to have birthed Daniel, so John must have had an earlier wife, back in PA.  The age difference between John and Catharine also argues for him having had an earlier wife.

Children with Catharine FAUST — born in OH:
.  Joseph STROUP, b. 1813/4; m. Sarah __?__; in Huntington Co., IN, by 1842
.  Jonathan STROUP
.  Lucinda STROUP
.  Elizabeth STROUP
.  William STROUP, b, 1823/4
.  Mary Ann "Polly" STROUP, b. 1824/5
Children with Elizabeth — born in IN:
.  Catharine STROUP, b. 1829/30
.  Martha A. STROUP, b. 1832/3
.  Alexandra STROUP, b. 1837/8
.  Jacob STROUP, b. 1838/9
.  James STROUP, b. 1841/2
.  Edward STROUP, b. 1842/3
.  Isaac STROUP, b. 1845/6
.  Henry STROUP, b. 1848/9
Keywords for search engines:  USA, US, United States, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania

Timeline
(n.b., Highland and Clinton Cos. in OH are adjacent; Wells and Huntington Cos. in IN are adjacent)
Year Location Event
1787 MD birth of John STROUP
1796   birth of Catharine FAUST
    marriage of John STROUP & Catharine FAUST
1812 PA birth of son, Daniel
1820 Census    
1821 OH birth of daughter, Mary Ann
1823/4 OH birth of son, William
1830 Census    
1830 IN birth of daughter, Catharine
1833 OH: Clinton Co. marriage of son, Daniel, to Delilah JONES
1838   marriage of daughter, Mary, to Joseph BEARD
1840 Census IN: Wells Co. John STROUP, head-of-household
[living next door to Joseph & Mary (STROUP) BEARD]
1843 IL: Morgan Co. marriage of son, William, to Susan SEIBERT
1850 Census IN: Huntington Co. John STROUP, head-of-household
1860 Census   John STROUP not found, at least not anywhere expected

Sources:

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1820

3.  1830

4.  1840 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #7-8 of 32; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
1840 IN Wells Co. T26N.R11E pp. 202B-203A/396-397 Ln. 11 John Stroup 100 110 010 - 011 010 000 0000000
These data indicate:¤•
No. & Sex Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 male 4 or under 1835-1840 = Alexander (b. 1837/8)
1 male 15-19 1820-1825 = William (b. 1823/4)
1 male 20-29 1810-1820 =
1 male 50-59 1780-1790 = John (b. 1787)
1 female 5-9 1830-1835 = Martha (b. 1832/3)
1 female 10-14 1825-1830 = Catharine (b. 1829/30)
1 female 20-29 1810-1820 = Elizabeth (b. 1810/1)
0 persons employed...
Living next door to daughter, Mary (STROUP) BEARD, and her husband, Joseph BEARD.

5a.  1850 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #125-126 of 193):  District No. Fifty Two, Huntington Co., IN, Roll 98 (Book 1), pp. 62A-62B/123-124, 869/869, enumerated 17 Sep 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
John Stroup 63 M   Miller 600 Maryland
[next page]
Elizabeth Stroup 39 F       Ohio
Martha A     " 17 F       Ohio
Alexander    " 12 M       Ohio
James        "  8 M       Ohio
Edward       "  6 M       Ohio
Isaac        "  4 M       Ohio
Henry        "  1 M       Ohio
If the children were, in fact, born in Ohio, then all I can think of is that they are Elizabeth's by a former marriage and she has only just married John — or, that Elizabeth is a recently widowed daughter-in-law.  But the same thing happened to Joseph STROUP, on p. 92A (i.e., in 1850, his children were born in OH, but in 1860, they were born in IN). 

5b.  Census Microfilm Records:  Indiana, 1850 (Broderbund CD-302):  District No. Fifty Two, Huntington Co., IN, p. 88B, 1255/1255, enumerated 24 Oct 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
Joseph Beard 30 m Farmer 500 Ohio
Mary     " 25 f     Ohio
[Joseph & Mary's children]
Rhoda    " 60 f     Unknown
Catharine Stroup 20 f     Indiana
The elder Rhoda is Joseph's mother, and Catharine is almost certainly Mary's sister.  They are listed next to William STROUP, who is almost certainly Mary's and Catharine's brother. 

6.  1860

7.  1870 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #254 of 388):  Carthage P.O., Mineral Twp., Jasper Co., MO, p. 127B, SH 2, 11/11, enumerated 13 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):
Stroup William 46 M W Farmer 6800 Ohio
[William's wife and children]
Stroup Jacob 31 M W Farmer 3500 Indiana
Jacob is almost certainly William's brother.

.  LDS.  Family Search: Internet Genealogy Service:  AF - Ancestral File (online at FamilySearch.org).

WorldConnect / Ancestry World Trees (online at RootsWeb.com/Ancestry.com).

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