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(Mathias) Andreas STRAUB, Jr.
Maria Magdalena CARL
Husband:  (Mathias) Andreas / Andrew STRAUB / STRAUP / STROUP
Birth:  17 Nov 1763, Lynn Twp., Northampton [now Lehigh] Co., PA
Baptism:  25 Dec 1763, "in the night at Allemangel," by Rev. Daniel SCHUMACHER
Death:  1828, PA 
Occupation:  farmer
Father:  (Mathias) Andreas STRAUB, Sr.
Mother:  Catharina DELONG
Marriage:
Wife:  Maria Magdalena / Mary Magdalene CARL / CORREL
Birth: 1773/4, PA — of Lynn Twp., Northampton [now Lehigh] Co., PA
Death:  1861, Mahoning Co., OH
Occupation:  homemaker
Children — born in Lynn Twp., Northampton [now Lehigh] Co., PA:
Said to have had these sons, but I don't see where they could fit in, unless Andreas had a prior wife and these are the males born 1774-84:
.  Henry STROUP
.  Daniel STROUP 

  1.  Peter  STROUP, b. 8 Sep 1799
  2.  Sarah Salome STRAUB, b.  23 Jan 1801
  3.  Solomon STRAUB / STROUP, b. 23 Jan 1804
  4.  Rebecca STRAUB, b. 1805/6
  5.  Andrew STROUP, b. 9 Mar 1808
  6.  Mary Magdalene "Polly" STRAUB, b. 29 Jan 1810 
  7.  John STROUP, b. 1814/5
  8.  Maria STRAUB, b. 21 Jan 1815; d. 1838 
  9.  Elias "Eli" STROUP, b. 16 Feb 1818
10.  Jeremiah STROUP, b. 16 Feb 1819
I find it hard to believe they had two children born on the same day of the year twice.  Surely one or more of these dates is wrong.

Keywords for search engines:  genealogy; USA, US, United States, Ohio, Pennsylvania

Sources:

1.  Marriage Record:

2.  1800 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #27 of 66; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
1800 PA Northampton [now Lehigh] Co. Lynn Twp. p. 570 Ln. 5 Mathias Andrew Straub Junr 10210-00010-00
These data indicate:
No. & Sex  Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 male 9 or under 1790-1800 = Peter (b. 1799)
2 males 16-25 1774-1784 = ?
= ?
1 male 26-44 1755-1774 = Mathias Andrew (b. 1763)
1 female 26-44 1755-1774 = Magdalena? (b. 1773/4)
Magdalena is too young to be the mother of the two males age 16-25; she is barely old enough to have mothered Peter.  In fact, given the age difference between Andrew and Mary, it seems possible he had a prior wife, who was the mother of Peter and the older males.

3.  1810 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #1 of 4 — indexed "Andrwe Stubb"; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
1810 PA Northampton [now Lehigh] Co. Lynn Twp. p. 61 Ln. 7L Stubb Andrew 11010-22010-00
These data indicate:
No. & Sex Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 male 9 or under 1800-1810 = Andrew (b. 1808)
= Solomon (b. 1804)
1 male 10-15 1794-1800 = Peter (b. 1799)
1 male 26-44 1765-1784 = Mathias Andrew (b. 1763)
2 females 9 or under 1800-1810 = Rebecca (b. 1805/6)
= Sarah (b. 1801)
2 females 10-15 1794-1800 = ?
= ?
1 female 26-44 1765-1784 = Magdalena (b. 1773/4)
I doubt this is our subject, which means he was missed in the census.

4.  1820 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #7 of 8; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
1820 PA Lehigh Co. Lynn Twp. p. 153 Ln. 14 Straub Andrew 320101-21101-0-300
These data indicate:
No. & Sex  Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
3 males 9 or under 1810-1820 = Jeremiah (b. 1819)
= Elias (b. 1818)
= John (b. 1815)
2 males 10-15 1804-1810 = Andrew (b. 1808)
= Solomon (b. 1804)
1 male 16-25 1794-1801 = Peter (b. 1799)
1 male 45 or over in or bef. 1775 = Andrew (b. 1763)
2 females 9 or under 1810-1820 = Maria (b. 1815)
= Mary (b. 1810)
1 female 10-15 1804-1810 = Rebecca (b. 1805/6)
1 female 16-25 1794-1804 = Sarah (b. 1801)
1 female 45 or over in or bef. 1775 = Mary Magdalene (b. 1773/4)
3 persons engaged in agriculture
List is roughly alphabetized, so no neighborhood reconstruction is possible.

5.  1830 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #7 of 8; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
1830 PA Lehigh Co. Lynn Twp. p. 145 Ln. 24 Magdalena Straup 002 130 - 001 000 010
These data indicate:
No. & Sex  Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
2 males 10-14 1815-1820 = Jeremiah (b. 1819)
= Elias (b. 1818)
1 male 15-19 1810-1815 = John (b. 1814/5)
3 males 20-29 1800-1810 = Andrew (b. 1808)
= Solomon (b. 1804)
= Peter (b. 1799)
1 female 10-14 1815-1820 = Maria (b. 1815)
1 female 50-59 1770-1780 = Mary Magdalene (b. 1773/4)
Listed next to Samuel STINE, husband of Mary's daughter, Rebecca, who is next to Henry STROUP, who is next to Daniel STROUP, in one direction; and, in the other direction, five lines from Philip REITZ, husband of Mary's daughter, Salome. 

6.  1840 Census Index and Digital Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #161-162 of 493 — Jackson Township missing from the index; extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
1840 OH Trumbull [now Mahoning] Co. Jackson Twp. pp. 89B-90A Ln. 24 Magdeline Stroup 000 011 - 000 010 001 0200000
These data indicate:
No. & Sex Age Class Therefore Born Individuals Inferred
1 male 20-29 1810-1820 = Jeremiah (b. 1819)
1 male 30-39 1800-1810 = Peter? (b. 1799) or Solomon (b. 1804) 
1 female 20-29 1810-1820 = ?
1 female 60-69 1770-1780 = Mary Magdalene (b. 1773/4)
2 persons engaged in agriculture
Jeremiah didn't marry until 1849, so he is surely the youngest male.  Can't find Peter or Solomon as head-of-household, and Solomon didn't remarry until 1843, so the older male could be either one of them.  Listed next to son-in-law Zachariah LONG, husband of daughter, Polly. 

7.  1850 Census Images (online at Ancestry.com; Image #13 of 27):  Jackson Twp., Subdivision 95, Mahoning Co., OH, p. 501B, 718/718, enumerated 27 Aug 1850, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1850 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
Solomon Stroup 41 M Farmer 2375 Pa
Susan     " 32 F     O
Jonas     "  6 M     "
Peter     " 46 M     Pa
Mary      " 76 F     "

8.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #19 of 26):  Caufield P.O., Jackson Twp., Mahoning Co., OH, Roll M653_1005, p. 328B, PN 136, 1008/1044, enumerated 6 Jul 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•
Solomon Stroup 55 M   Farmer 3600 900 Pa
Susanna 40 F         O
Jonas 16 M   "     "
Peter 60 M   "     Pa
Magdalena 86 F         "

9.  Archives of the STRAUB-L mailing list (online at RootsWeb.com).

10.  Will of Peter Straub, in which he names all of his siblings (courtesy of Rosemary Grayson).

11.  Research by Alexa Conover, Louise Varisco, and Audrey Lehman (courtesy of Rosemary Grayson).

12.  Minutes from The Stroup Reunion Book (courtesy of Rosemary Grayson).

13.  Emails from Jim Burnell.

14.  Emails from Rosemary Grayson.

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