1a.  Jordan R. Dodd, ed.  1993.  Illinois/Indiana Marriages:  Early to 1850.  Liahona Research, Orem, UT (Broderbund CD-228):  not found, but there are no Cook County records on the CD.

1b.  Illinois Statewide Marriage Index, 1763–1900:

STRAUB, John A

CHRISMAN, Josephine M

01/03/1869

001/

FINK

Cook Co.

It seems more likely the month here was transposed on data entry, that is "01," instead of "10," than that the census is wrong. But it could be the other way.

2.  1850 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  Can't find John, and I really looked.  Maria J. CHRISTMAN (æ 10/12, b. WI) is living in Kenosha, Kenosha Co., WI (p. 257A), with her parents, John P. CHRISTMAN (æ 35, b. France) and Maria V. (æ 26, b. France).

3a.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #30 of 43):  Sheboygan P.O., City of Sheboygan (Ward 2), Sheboygan Co., WI, Roll M653_1432, p. 238, PN 50, 430/388, enumerated 11 Jun 1860, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1860 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

Charles Rauth	51	M		Carpenter	800	20	Hessen Darmstadt
Margaret  "	41	F					France
John Straub	18	M		Printer			Wis
Charles Rauth	16	M		Bar Keeper			Do
Lewis     "	14	M					Do
Josephine "	12	F					Do
William   "	8	M					Do
Margaret  "	5	F					Do
Frank L   "	2	M					Do

The fact that John is placed first, before the RAUTH children, strongly suggests that John is Margaret's son from a prior marriage, which is also supported by the fact that, in later censuses, John indicates his parents were born in France.

3b.  1860 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  Josephine CHRISMAN (æ 12, b. WI) is living with her parents, John P. CHRISMAN (æ 44, b. France) and his wife, Victoria S. (æ 37, b. France) in Kinosha (Ward 3), Kenosha Co., WI (p. 320).

4.  1870 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #338 of 347):  Chicago P.O., City of Chicago (Ward 10), Cook Co., IL, Roll M593_205, p. 519B, PN 338, /2408, enumerated 28 Aug 1870, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1870 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1870:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	10	11	12	14	19
1901	2404	Straub John A	28	M	W	Printer	Wis	/	/	Oct	/
		"   Josephine	31	F	W	Keepg House	"	/	/	Oct
		Somers	22	M	W	Clerk in Store	Ill

Josephine is 21, not 31, and they should have been married in January, not October, unless its the online Illinois marriage database that's wrong.

5.  1880 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #16 of 33):  Lasalle St., Chicago, Cook Co., IL, Roll T9-184, p. 8D, PN 15, SD _, ED _, enumerated __ Jun 1880, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1880 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1880:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
	2	3	4	5	6	8	10	13	24	25	26
*	38	Straub John	W	M	38	Husband	/	Printer	Wisconsin	France	France
		______ J M	W	F	29	Wife	/	Keeping House	Wis	Wis	Wis
		______ Wm T	W	M	10	Son			Chicago Ills	Wis	Wis
*Lasall St

6.  1890 Census:  the 1890 Census Population Schedules were destroyed.

7.  1900 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #11 of 38):  250 North Lawndale Avenue, Chicago (Ward 13), West Town, Cook Co., IL, Roll T623_261, p. 297A, SN 6, SD 1, ED 398, enumerated 6 Jun 1900, official enumeration date 1 Jun 1900 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1900:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27
*	250	65	83	Straub William F	Head	W	M	Dec 1871	28	M	11			IL	WI	WI	Steel Die Cutter	0		Y	Y	Y	O	M	H
				[William's wife and children, et al.]
				Straub John A	Father	W	M	Aug 1842	57	M	32			WI	Fra	Fra	Newspaper Circulator	0		Y	Y	Y
				______ Josephine	Mother	W	F	Aug 1849	50	M	32	1	1	WI	Fra	Fra				Y	Y	Y
*North Lawndale Avenue

8.  1910 Census Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com, Image #6 of 16):  Valley Twp., Allegan Co., MI, Roll T624_634, p. 260B, SN 3B, SD 4, ED 31, enumerated 28 Apr 1910, official enumeration date 15 Apr 1910 (extracted by Diana Gale Matthiesen):¤•

1910:  for an explanation of the column headings, please see What the Numbers in the Federal Census Mean (missing columns contained no data).
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	12	13	14	17	18	19	20	23	24	26	27	28	29	30
56	57	Straub John A	Head	M	W	67	Wd	Wis	Ger French	Fre French	Eng	Farmer	General Farmer	OA	Y	Y	O	F	F	50	UA

9.  1920 Census Every-Name-Index/Images (online at Ancestry.com):  not found.

10.  Anon.  1997-2000.  Military Records of Individual Civil War Soldiers.  Historical Data Systems, Provo, UT (online at Ancestry.com):

Name:	John A Straub
Enlistment Date:	05 September 1861
Distinguished Service:	DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
Side Served:	Union
State Served:	Michigan
Unit Numbers:	1090 1090 1090
Service Record:	Enlisted as a Private on 05 September 1861. Enlisted in Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment Michigan on 05 September 1861. Reenlisted in Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment Michigan on 21 December 1863. Mustered out Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment Michigan on 08 Jul 1865 in Jeffersonville, IN.

11.  Civil War Pension Index (index and images online at Ancestry.com):

Name of Soldier	Straub, John A
Name of Dependent	Widow
	Minor
Service	A 16 Mich Inf
Date of Filing	Claim	Application No.	Certificate No.	State from which Filed
1891 Dec 25	Invalid	1079967	1041703	Ill
	Widow
	Minor

Pension applications typically contain valuable family history information, so it would be well worth the effort to obtain a copy from the National Archives.

12.  Messages posted to the Young Family Genealogy Forum (online at GenForum.com).